Table 3.

GEE modeling coefficients predicting change in health status over 5 waves in the HEPESE by border/non-border residence

	Any ADL	Any IADL	Diabetes	Heart problems	Stroke	Hypertension	Hip fracture	Cancer
Total
Border (1=yes)	1.52 (.000)	1.07 (.392)	1.14 (.189)	1.08 (.590)	.966 (.810)	1.14 (.119)	1.18 (.450)	.824 (.203)
Model 2	1.43 (.000)	1.03 (.663)	1.10 (.336)	1.07 (.665)	.917 (.540)	1.10 (.231)	1.20 (.382)	.828 (.210)
Model 3	1.43 (.000)	1.04 (.605)	1.09 (.371)	1.08 (.627)	.911 (.522)	1.10 (.266)	1.19 (.405)	.833 (.229)
Model 4	1.46 (.000)	1.07 (.456)	1.14 (.222)	1.16 (.382)	.997 (.983)	1.11 (.254)	1.27 (.255)	.870 (.376)

^†all models adjusted for sex, age, marital status, income and nativity

Model 1 Adjusted for demographics

Model 2=Model 1+health behaviors

Model 3=Model 2+age at immigration

Model 4=Model 3+% poverty, % high school graduate, Mexican American density, % speak Spanish