Table 1.

Studies assessing microRNAs in pediatric health outcomes

Outcome	miRNA-related assessment	Impact on outcome	Reference
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: case–control differences	Schotte et al. 2009 [16]; Zhang et al. 2009 [17]; Oliveira et al. 2012 [18]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Disease subtype classification: T-ALL/MLL vs. ALL	Schotte et al. 2009 [16]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Disease subtype classification: T-ALL vs. B-ALL	Fulci et al. 2009 [19]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Treatment monitoring: response to prednisone	Zhang et al. 2009 [17]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Clinical prognosis	Zhang et al. 2009 [17]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Clinical prognosis	Kaddar et al. 2009 [20]
Asthma	Presence of SNPs in HLA-G impacts miRNA binding to 3’UTR region	Cause: Case–control difference	Tan et al. 2007 [21]
	Presence of SNPs in miRNA genetic sequence	Cause: Case–control differences	Su et al. 2011 [22]
	AntagomiR-targeted downregulation of miRNA	Intervention: reduces eosinic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, TH2 cytokine production, airway hyperresponsiveness	Collison et al. 2011 [23]
Autism	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: Case–control differences	Abu-Elneel et al. 2008 [24]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: Case–control differences	Sarachana et al. 2010 [25]
	In-silico analysis	Etiology: miRNAs known to be deregulated in autism present in CNV loci	Vaishnavi et al. 2013 [26]
Congenital heart disease (CHD)	Presence of SNP in miRNA coding region	Etiology: Case–control differences	Xu et al. 2009 [27]
	In-silico analysis	Etiology: miRNAs present in CHD-related CNV loci	Xing et al. 2013 [28]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: Case–control differences	Zhu et al. 2013 [29]
Cystic fibrosis	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: Case–control differences	Oglesby et al. 2010 [30]
	In-silico/in-vitro analysis of CFTR 3’UTR binding targets	Etiology: miRNAs regulate CFTR gene expression	Megiorni et al. 2011 [31]
	In-silico/in-vitro analysis of miRNAs and binding targets involved in CFTR regulation	Treatment: restore function of mutated CFTR protein	Ramachandran et al. 2012 [32]
	miRNAs involved in CFTR regulation	Cause: miRNAs regulate CFTR gene expression	Oglesby et al. 2013 [33]
	In-vitro analysis: biogenesis and maturation of candidate miRNA	Cause: RNA binding proteins regulate maturation of miRNA upregulated in CF	Bhattacharyya et al. 2013 [34]
Diabetes, Type 1 (T1D)	Candidate miRNA expression analysis	Clinical prognosis	Sebastiani et al. 2011 [35]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: Case–control differences	Nielsen et al. 2012 [36]
	Candidate miRNA expression analysis	Diagnostic: Case–control differences	Salas-Pérez et al. 2013 [37]
Neuroblastoma	miRNA expression signature profile	Disease subtype classification	Chen and Stallings, 2007 [38]
	miRNA expression signature profile	Clinical prognosis	Bray et al. 2009 [39]
Obesity	miRNA expression signature profile	Diagnostic: miRNA expression pattern associated with obesity markers	Prats-Puig et al. 2013 [40]

3’ UTR, 3’ untranslated region; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; B-ALL, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CF, cystic fibrosis; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; CHD, chronic heart disease; CNV, copy number variation; HLA-G, human leukocyte antigen G; miRNA, microRNA; MLL, mixed lineage leukemia; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; T-ALL, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; TH2, Type 2 helper cells.