Table 2.

Effects of biologic therapies on bone.

	Mice	Human
TNF-α blockers	Bone-protective in inflammatory arthritis and estrogen deficiency	Bone-protective in inflammatory disease Changes in bone turnover markers in postmenopause (small observational study)
	References: [152–158]	References: [17, 19, 20, 159]
IL-1 blockers	Bone-protective in inflammatory arthritis and estrogen deficiency	Bone-protective in RA (not usually recommended; less effective than other biologic agents) Changes in bone turnover markers in postmenopause (small observational study)
	References: [28, 155, 157]	References: [19, 160, 161]
IL-6 blockers	Bone-protective in inflammatory arthritis No effects in estrogen deficiency	Bone-protective in RA
	References: [155, 156, 162, 163]	References: [41, 42, 164, 165]
IL-17 blockers	Bone-protective in inflammatory arthritis and estrogen deficiency	No data in bone metabolism
	References: [55, 138, 144, 166, 167]
IL-23 blockers	Bone-protective in inflammatory arthritis	No data
	References: [56]