Figure 1. The KL-VS allele is associated with better cognitive performance in three independent aging populations without dementia and in a meta-analysis of the populations.

(A–D) Neuropsychological scores from tests spanning multiple cognitive domains (Table S4; Figure S1). Global composite Z-scores of 718 aging individuals (52–85 years of age) that were non-carriers (black; n=530) or carriers (purple; n=188) of a single KL-VS allele were obtained from three independent cohorts without cognitive impairments. In each cohort, an individual composite score was standardized and scaled to reflect performance as a measure of the number of standard deviations from the global average of that cohort (global composite Z-score). Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. (A–C) Global composite Z-scores in (A) Cohort 1 (179 non-carriers, 41 carriers), (B) Cohort 2 (331 non-carriers, 135 carriers), (C) Cohort 3 (20 non-carriers, 12 carriers), and (D) Meta-analysis of the cohorts. All subjects had a MMSE score of 28 or greater and no dementia. Data were analyzed by linear models, accounting for effects of age, sex, and education and testing for effects due to KL-VS genotype. APOEε4 carrier status had no significant effects (Tables S5–S6). °p=0.06, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs Non-Carrier (linear regression t-test). See also Tables S2-S6 and Figure S1. Data are means ± SEM.