Table 1.
Baseline differences between patients reporting withdrawal and those not reporting withdrawal
| No Withdrawal (n=54) | Withdrawal (n=36) | t /χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 16.48±1.26 | 16.72±1.23 | −0.90 | 0.372 |
| Male | 44 (81.48) | 30 (83.33) | 0.05 | 0.822 |
| Race | 46 (85.19) | 31 (86.11) | 0.02 | 0.903 |
| Education (Yrs) | 9.94±1.68 | 10.17±1.25 | −0.68 | 0.499 |
| Employed | 24 (44.44) | 17 (47.22) | 0.07 | 0.796 |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Family history of alcohol use disorder | 35 (67.31) | 20 (62.50) | 0.20 | 0.653 |
| Family history of drug use disorder | 26 (50.00) | 20 (62.50) | 1.25 | 0.264 |
| Substance use severity | 1.60±0.58 | 2.06±0.55 | −3.70 | 0.000 |
| Drug use consequences | 45.25±18.42 | 33.17±23.41 | −2.54 | 0.013 |
| Self-motivated treatment entry | 13 (24.07) | 14 (38.89) | 2.26 | 0.133 |
| Previous SUD treatment | 26 (48.15) | 18 (50.00) | 0.03 | 0.863 |
| Problem Recognition | 17 (31.48) | 17 (47.22) | 2.28 | 0.131 |
| Substance Use | ||||
| Percent days abstinent | 42.77±34.56 | 40.49±31.78 | 0.32 | 0.752 |
| Percent days cannabis use | 52.39±36.70 | 54.10±33.54 | −0.22 | 0.823 |
| Lifetime cannabis use days | 908.9±1487.7 | 1134.8±1073.8 | −1.73 | 0.087 |
| Age at first use of cannabis | 13.81±1.49 | 13.65±1.12 | 0.52 | 0.601 |
| Age at first regular use of cannabis | 14.64±1.50 | 14.44±1.46 | 0.61 | 0.540 |
| Past 90 day substance use | ||||
| Alcohol | 49 (90.74) | 35 (97.22) | 1.46 | 0.227 |
| Nicotine | 48 (88.89) | 32 (88.89) | 0.00 | 1.000 |
| Hallucinogens | 16 (29.63) | 8 (22.22) | 0.61 | 0.436 |
| Cocaine/Crack | 7 (12.96) | 10 (27.78) | 3.09 | 0.079 |
| Amphetamines | 5 (9.26) | 8 (22.22) | 2.94 | 0.087 |
| Barbiturates | 0 (0.00) | 2 (5.56) | 3.07 | 0.080 |
| Sedatives/Tranquilizers | 4 (7.41) | 6 (16.67) | 1.88 | 0.171 |
| Heroin | 1 (1.85) | 1 (2.78) | 0.09 | 0.770 |
| Narcotics (other than heroin) | 8 (14.81) | 8 (22.22) | 0.81 | 0.368 |
| Inhalants | 2 (3.70) | 4 (11.11) | 1.90 | 0.168 |
| Other | 0 (0.00) | 2 (5.56) | 3.07 | 0.080 |
| Dependence | ||||
| Dependence diagnosis | 40 (74.07) | 36 (100.00) | 11.05 | 0.001 |
| # Dependence Criteria | 3.48±1.50 | 5.47±1.13 | −6.77 | 0.000 |
| # Dependence Criteria (exc. withdrawal) | 3.55±1.44 | 4.47±1.13 | −3.24 | 0.002 |
| Preoccupation | 44 (83.02) | 36 (100.00) | 6.80 | 0.009 |
| Reduced control | 34 (64.15) | 26 (72.22) | 0.64 | 0.425 |
| Tolerance | 34 (64.15) | 32 (88.89) | 6.85 | 0.009 |
| Attempts/difficulty cutting down | 45 (84.91) | 32 (88.89) | 0.29 | 0.589 |
| Given up activities | 19 (35.85) | 21 (58.33) | 4.38 | 0.036 |
| Withdrawal and/or withdrawal relief | 0 (0.00) | 36 (100.00) | 90.00 | 0.000 |
| Use despite medical/psychological problems | 12 (25.53) | 14 (48.28) | 4.12 | 0.042 |
Continuous variables were compared using an independent samples t-test. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables are reported as M±SD. Dichotomous variables were compared using a chi-square test. Descriptive statistics for dichotomous variables are reported as N(%).