Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics stratified by baseline BMI
| Baseline BMI kg/m2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 3,005) | 25.0–29.9 (N = 333) | 30.0–34.9 (N = 793) | 35.0–39.9 (N = 821) | ≥40.0 (N = 1,058) | P value* | |
| Age, years | 54.7 (10.9) | 57.8 (11.1) | 56.5 (10.7) | 55.0 (10.7) | 52.1 (10.7) | <0.01 |
| Age, % | ||||||
| 18–39 years | 8.9 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 7.8 | 13.2 | <0.01 |
| 40– 49 years | 21.8 | 16.2 | 19.7 | 21.6 | 25.3 | |
| 50–59 years | 36.4 | 35.1 | 36.6 | 35.8 | 37.1 | |
| 60–69 years | 24.1 | 28.2 | 26.6 | 25.9 | 19.6 | |
| 70–79 years | 7.8 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 4.4 | |
| 80+ years | 1.1 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | |
| Gender, % | ||||||
| Female | 52.6 | 50.2 | 46.5 | 50.9 | 59.3 | <0.01 |
| Male | 47.4 | 49.8 | 53.5 | 49.1 | 40.7 | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||
| White | 63.9 | 61.6 | 61.3 | 64.3 | 66.4 | 0.10 |
| African American | 7.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.4 | |
| Hispanic | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 2.1 | |
| Other | 3 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 1.6 | |
| Unknown | 23.6 | 23.4 | 25.1 | 23.4 | 22.6 | |
| Region, % | ||||||
| Midwest | 20.6 | 21.6 | 20.1 | 18.2 | 22.5 | 0.13 |
| Northeast | 19.2 | 18.6 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.7 | |
| South | 48.3 | 47.5 | 49.4 | 52.1 | 44.7 | |
| West | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 12.1 | |
| Plan type, % | ||||||
| Commercial | 33.2 | 29.1 | 33.3 | 35.0 | 33.1 | 0.27 |
| Medicare | 15.6 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 14.7 | 14.6 | |
| Medicaid | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | |
| Self-pay/other | 1.5 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.6 | |
| Unknown | 49.1 | 49.9 | 47.7 | 49.1 | 49.9 | |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| Never smoked | 25.0 | 31.8 | 23.0 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 0.13 |
| Former smoker | 30.6 | 26.4 | 32.0 | 30.6 | 30.9 | |
| Current smoker | 7.5 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 6.6 | |
| Other/unknown | 36.9 | 33.6 | 37.1 | 36.2 | 38.3 | |
| Complications, % | ||||||
| Retinopathy | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.04 |
| Nephropathy | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.37 |
| Neuropathy | 1.9 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 0.47 |
| Cerebrovascular | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.43 |
| Cardiovascular | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.15 |
| PVD | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.42 |
| Diabetes medications, % | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 52.9 | 56.2 | 52.7 | 53.0 | 52.0 | 0.58 |
| Metformin | 79.8 | 82.3 | 80.3 | 78.7 | 79.4 | 0.54 |
| Other OADsa | 32.5 | 33.3 | 32.9 | 34.1 | 30.7 | 0.45 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 38.3 (7.7) | 28.1 (1.3) | 32.6 (1.4) | 37.3 (1.4) | 46.6 (6.1) | <0.01 |
| Weight, kg | 110.4 (24.5) | 82.4 (10.8) | 95.2 (11.9) | 108.0 (13.8) | 132.6 (22.3) | <0.01 |
| A1C, % | 8.65 (1.4) | 8.66 (1.42) | 8.70 (1.47) | 8.66 (1.35) | 8.59 (1.37) | 0.358 |
| Lipids, mg/dL | ||||||
| Total cholesterol | 176.1 (43.0) | 179.0 (46.1) | 175.5 (44.7) | 177.0 (45.0) | 175.0 (38.8) | 0.62 |
| HDL | 41.9 (11.4) | 43.1(12.0) | 42.2(11.5) | 41.2(10.8) | 41.7 (11.4) | 0.19 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||||
| SBP | 129.8 (15.3) | 126.4 (14.3) | 128.7 (16.0) | 130.3(15.0) | 131.2 (15.1) | <0.01 |
| DBP | 78.1 (9.6) | 76.1 (9.3) | 77.2 (9.7) | 78.7 (9.4) | 79.0 (9.8) | <0.01 |
For appropriate variables, results presented as mean (SD)
BMI body mass index, PVD peripheral vascular disease, OADs oral antidiabetic medications, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
* P values were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), for continuous variables, and the Chi-square test, for categorical variables, to assess statistical significance across BMI categories
aOther OADs include alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and meglitinides