Table 3. Changes in macular pigment, critical flicker fusion thresholds, and reaction time (mean +/− SD) after four months of supplementation for subjects either in an active treatment group (N = 54) or the placebo group (N = 10).
| Variable | Group | Baseline | Final | Change | t-value | p-value |
| Macular Pigment (30′ eccentricity) | Zeaxanthin (N = 29) | 0.40±0.15 | 0.49±0.16 | +0.09 | 4.44 | <0.01 |
| Multi (N = 25) | 0.33±0.15 | 0.42±0.16 | +0.09 | 4.67 | <0.01 | |
| Placebo | 0.42±0.18 | 0.39±0.16 | −0.03 | 2.69 | 0.03 | |
| Critical Flicker Fusion Thresholds (hertz) | Treatment | 26.60±2.04 | 27.34±2.25 | +0.74 | 2.53 | 0.01 |
| Placebo | 28.50±3.76 | 28.61±2.11 | +0.11 | 0.19 | 0.86 | |
| Coincidence Anticipation Timing1 | ||||||
| Error - 5 MPH | Treatment | 68.47±27.77 | 73.39±37.79 | +4.92 | 0.99 | 0.33 |
| Placebo | 77.71±47.12 | 83.94±47.43 | +6.23 | 0.73 | 0.49 | |
| Error - 10 MPH | Treatment | 70.48±32.85 | 69.42±33.82 | −1.06 | 0.32 | 0.74 |
| Placebo | 75.51±32.81 | 69.70±44.63 | −5.81 | 0.76 | 0.47 | |
| Missed - 15 MPH | Treatment | 2.29±2.46 | 1.59±2.42 | −0.70 | 2.54 | 0.01 |
| Placebo | 2.00±2.37 | 1.20±1.55 | −0.80 | 1.84 | 0.10 | |
| Missed - 20 MPH | Treatment | 6.63±3.67 | 5.52±3.75 | −1.11 | 2.78 | <0.01 |
| Placebo | 5.35±2.86 | 4.70±4.30 | −0.65 | 0.75 | 0.47 | |
| Reaction Time (ms) | Treatment | 229.94±23.30 | 223.36±21.64 | −6.58 | 3.60 | <0.01 |
| Placebo | 219.63±14.17 | 220.07±20.44 | +0.44 | 0.12 | 0.91 | |
1
Error is expressed in milliseconds (ms); Missed is expressed in total number of trials.