Table 3. Left atrial echocardiographic characteristics in control subjects and patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, gouty arthritis without tophi, and tophaceous gout.
| Stage 0 | Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | P value | |
| LA volume | |||||
| Maximal LAVi (ml/m2) | 20.07±4.76 | 20.24±5.02 | 24.39±7.94 | 29.60±9.89† | <0.001 |
| Precontraction LAVi (ml/m2) | 11.50±3.37 | 12.72±4.21 | 15.13±5.80 | 19.10±8.46† | <0.001 |
| Minimal LAVi (ml/m2) | 6.13±2.15 | 6.37±2.13 | 8.17±4.12 | 9.58±4.23‡ | <0.001 |
| LA function | |||||
| Total LAEF(%) | 69.68±6.51 | 68.91±6.22 | 67.21±8.92 | 67.91±8.80 | 0.503 |
| Passive LAEF(%) | 42.67±9.88 | 38.00±9.28 | 38.31±9.71 | 37.02±10.97 | 0.074 |
| Active LAEF(%) | 47.16±6.89 | 49.49±9.64 | 47.01±10.45 | 48.63±11.89 | 0.654 |
| PALS (%) | 45.61±13.21 | 43.32±7.81 | 44.45±12.03 | 38.97±10.85* | 0.03 |
| ALSsyst (1/s) | 2.05±0.55 | 2.08±0.38 | 1.96±0.49 | 1.73±0.48‡ | 0.004 |
| ALSearly (1/s) | −2.07±0.84 | −1.88±0.71 | −1.80±0.47 | −1.44±0.53† | <0.001 |
| ALSlate (1/s) | −2.66±0.91 | −2.58±0.69 | −2.59±0.7 | −2.07±0.7† | 0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation or number (percentage). Stage 0: age-match control, Stage I: asymptomatic hyperuricemia, Stage II: gouty arthritis without tophi, Stage III: tophaceous gout. LA, left atrium; LAVi, LA volume index; LAEF, LA ejection fraction; PALS, Peak atrial longitudinal strain; ALS-syst, peak atrial longitudinal strain rate during left ventricular systole; ALS-early, peak atrial longitudinal strain rate during ventricular early diastole; ALS-late, peak atrial longitudinal strain rate during ventricular late diastole.
*P<0.05 versus Stage 0.
†
P<0.05 versus Stage 0, Stage I and Stage II.
‡
P<0.05 versus Stage 0 and Stage I.