Table 2.
Genetic, time and geographical pairwise distances (with corresponding standard deviation values) calculated for the within-year Philippines O CATHAY FMDV isolates groups and for each of the country based data from the earliest samples collected within the specific group
| Data | No of samples | Genetic distance | Time distance | Geo distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philippines | ||||
| 1994 | 7 | 0.010 ± 0.002 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | - |
| 1995 | 8 | 0.013 ± 0.006 | 0.63 ± 0.77 | 124.72 ± 95.81 |
| 1996 | 9 | 0.020 ± 0.004 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 235.66 ± 252.21 |
| 1997 | 14 | 0.016 ± 0.013 | 0.38 ± 0.38 | 119.65 ± 117.12 |
| 1998 | 23 | 0.011 ± 0.009 | - | 51.62 ± 42.08 |
| 1999 | 5 | 0.011 ± 0.002 | - | 146.83 ± 222.79 |
| 2000 | 16 | 0.054 ± 0.021 | 0.16 ± 0.13 | 296.55 ± 130.74 |
| 2001 | 7 | 0.057 ± 0.008 | - | 14.22 ± 4.28 |
| 2003 | 8 | 0.051 ± 0.013 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 344.45 ± 26.98 |
| 2004 | 12 | 0.010 ± 0.004 | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 322.32 ± 38.83 |
| 2005 | 3 | 0.005 ± 0.005 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 12.48 ± 17.65 |
| Global | ||||
| China | 6 | 0.148 ± 0.081 | 31.93 ± 19.15 | - |
| Hong Kong | 138 | 0.157 ± 0.022 | 32.95 ± 7.24 | - |
| Philippines | 112 | 0.047 ± 0.022 | 4.59 ± 3.50 | - |
| Taiwan | 46 | 0.015 ± 0.025 | 1.38 ± 3.01 | - |
| Vietnam | 13 | 0.104 ± 0.016 | 7.84 ± 1.65 | - |
Genetic distances were estimated by the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano substitution model plus gamma-distributed rates (HKY85 + Γ4), whereas geographic distance were calculated using the Haversine formula [38]. Genetic distance is expressed in base substitution per site, time distance is defined in years, whilst geographical distance is measured in kilometres.