Table 1.

Patient characteristics based on performance-based and self-report–based definitions of frailty.

Component	Physical Performance		Self-reported Function
Weight loss	Unintentional weight loss of ≥10 lb in past year by patient report		Unintentional weight loss of ≥ 10 pounds in past year by patient report
Exhaustion	Using the CES-D, the following 2 statements are read: (a) I felt that everything I did was an effort; (b) I could not get going. The question is asked, “How often did you feel this way?” 0=rarely or none of the time (<1 day), 1=some or alittle of the time (1–2 days), 2=a moderate amount of the time (3–4 days), or 3=most of the time. Patients answering “2” or “3” to either of these questions are categorized as frail by the exhaustion criterion.		Using the CES-D, the following 2 statements are read: (a) I felt that everything I did was an effort; (b) I could not get going. The question is asked, “How often did you feel this way?” 0=rarely or none of the time (<1 day), 1=some or a little of the time (1–2 days), 2=a moderate amount of the time (3–4 days), or 3=most of the time. Patients answering “2” or “3” to either of these questions are categorized as frail by the exhaustion criterion.
Physical activity	Based on the short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Activity questionnaire, kilocalories per week expended are calculated using a standardized algorithm; this variable is stratified by sex: those with <383 kcal (men) or <270 kcal (women) of physical activity per week are frail.		Based on the short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Activity questionnaire, kilocalories per week expended are calculated using a standardized algorithm; this variable is stratified by sex: those with <383 kcal (men) or <270 kcal (women) of physical activity per week are frail.
Walk time	Based on a timed 15-foot walk; this variable is stratified by sex and height:		Score <75 on the SF-36 Physical Function scale;* the scale asks participants to report whether they are limited a lot, limited a little, or not limited at all in 10 activities; scores range from 0–100 with higher scores indicating better function.
	Men
	Height	Walk time
	≤173 cm	≥7 s
	>173 cm	≥6 s
	Women
	≤159 cm	≥7 s
	>159 cm	≥6 s
Grip strength	This variable is stratified by sex and BMI:		Score <75 on the SF-36 Physical Function scale;* the scale asks participants to report whether they are limited a lot, limited a little, or not limited at all in 10 activities; scores range from 0–100 with higher scores indicating better function
	Men
	BMI	Grip strength
	≤ 24 kg/m2	≤29 kg
	24.1–26 kg/m2	≤30 kg
	26.1–28 kg/m2	≤31 kg
	>28 kg/m2	≤32 kg
	Women
	≤23 kg/m2	≤17 kg
	23.1–26 kg/m2	≤17.3 kg
	26.1–29 kg/m2	≤18 kg
	> 29 kg/m2	≤21 kg

BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey

^*Participants receive 2 points if the Physical Function score of the SF-36 is <75. This criterion substitutes for both walk time and grip strength.