Table 2.
Distributions of manganese dust concentrations and loadings from prenatal home visit (n=371) by demographic and residential characteristics.
| Characteristic | N (%) | Mn Concentration (μg/g) Mean (SD) |
Mn Loading (μg/m2) GM (GSD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mother’s Age | |||
| 18 – 24 | 184 (50%) | 172 (69) | 434 (8) |
| 25 – 29 | 125 (34%) | 178 (62) | 518 (7) |
| 30 – 45 | 62 (16%) | 153 (77)* | 270 (8) |
| Mother’s birth country | |||
| Mexico | 312 (84%) | 174 (67) | 496 (7) |
| United States/other | 59 (16%) | 152 (73)* | 262 (7)** |
| Mother’s Education | |||
| ≤ 6th grade | 156 (42%) | 182 (69) | 662 (8) |
| > 6th grade | 215 (58%) | 162 (66)** | 324 (7)** |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 142 (38%) | 172 (69) | 422 (7) |
| ≥ 1 | 229 (62%) | 170 (68) | 438 (8) |
| Family Income | |||
| ≤ Poverty line | 220 (60%) | 173 (68) | 518 (8) |
| > Poverty line | 149 (40%) | 167 (70) | 351 (7) |
| Housekeeping Quality | |||
| Poor or average | 243 (65%) | 182 (67) | 654 (5) |
| Excellent | 128 (35%) | 149 (66)** | 184 (9)** |
| Number of doormats | |||
| 0 | 84 (23%) | 184 (66) | 665 (7) |
| 1 | 134 (36%) | 163 (64) | 446 (6) |
| 2+ | 153 (41%) | 171 (72) | 334 (7)* |
| Surface sampled | |||
| Carpet | 323 (87%) | 171 (70) | 493 (7) |
| Bare floor/furniture | 48 (13%) | 169 (53) | 245 (9) |
| Room sampled | |||
| Bedroom | 49 (13%) | 178 (56) | 812 (9) |
| Living room/kitchen | 322 (87%) | 170 (70) | 403 (7)* |
| Antioch Loam Soil | |||
| Yes | 59 (16%) | 193 (61) | 898 (5) |
| No | 312 (84%) | 167 (69)** | 370 (7)** |
| Residential Location | |||
| North County | 15 (4%) | 129 (65) | 83 (15) |
| Salinas | 248 (67%) | 164 (67) | 369 (7) |
| South County | 106 (29%) | 194 (65)** | 797 (7)** |
| Farmworker in Home | |||
| Yes | 291 (79%) | 178 (66) | 536 (7) |
| No | 79 (21%) | 146 (70)** | 198 (8)** |
Kruskal-Wallis rank test
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01