Table 2.
Hepatitis C virus prevalence among different populations at higher risk of hepatitis C virus infection in the Middle East and North Africa
| Country | Population | Seroprevalence (%) | Ref. |
| Afghanistan | People who inject drugs | 36.6 | [255] |
| Algeria | Multi-transfused patients | 30 | [86] |
| Bahrain | Hemodialysis patients | 7.4-9.24 | [128,256] |
| Multi-transfused patients | 40 | [257] | |
| Egypt | Children with hepatosplenomegaly | 16.4 | [130] |
| Chronic liver disease patients | 46.2-73.5 | [130,258] | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma patients | 78.5-84 | [147,259] | |
| Healthcare workers | 1.4-7.7 | [137,260] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 46.2-100 | [130,137,261-263] | |
| People who inject drugs | 63 | [145,264] | |
| Jaundice patients | 27.3 | [265] | |
| Kidney transplant patients | 23.3 | [266] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 11.1-81.6 | [84,103,130,137,267-271] | |
| Prisoners | 31.4 | [103] | |
| Sexually transmitted infections patients | 5.3 | [272] | |
| Iran | Female sex workers | 2.7 | [273] |
| Hepatitis B virus patients | 12.3 | [274] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 2.9-55.9 | [160,275-279] | |
| HIV positive patients | 11.5 | [280] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 5.1-71.3 | [44,113,160,161,168,277,281-293] | |
| Injecting and non-injecting drug users | 7.4-80 | [104,105,164,278,294-299] | |
| Prisoners | 30-78 | [104,105,297,300,301] | |
| Iraq | HIV positive patients | 66 | [302] |
| Multi-transfused patients | 67.3 | [303] | |
| Jordan | Multi-transfused patients | 40.5 | [304] |
| Kuwait | Hemodialysis patients | 27-40 | [305-307] |
| Multi-transfused patients | 33 | [308] | |
| Lebanon | Healthcare workers | 2.6 | [309] |
| HIV positive patients | 25 | [310] | |
| Libya | Diabetics | 24.4 | [311] |
| Healthcare workers | 2-6.8 | [180,182,312] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 20.5-42.5 | [180,313] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 10.8 | [180] | |
| Morocco | Barbers | 1.1-5 | [99,314] |
| Hemodialysis patients | 10.1-76 | [88,185,315,316] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 2.3-42.4 | [185,316-318] | |
| Oman | Hemodialysis patients | 26.5 | [190] |
| People who inject drugs | 11-53 | [319] | |
| Kidney transplant patients | 13.4 | [190] | |
| Medical students | 0 | [190] | |
| Pakistan | HCC patients | 33 | [320] |
| Healthcare workers | 5.5-31 | [76,321,322] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 68 | [65,323] | |
| Hospital attendees | 3.1 | [324] | |
| Injecting and non-injecting drug users | 22-91 | [325-328] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 13.2-60.0 | [329-331] | |
| Patients receiving frequent injections | 44 | [332] | |
| Type 2 diabetes patients | 36 | [333] | |
| Qatar | Hemodialysis patients | 44.6 | [334] |
| Saudi Arabia | Cancer patients | 11 | [70] |
| Chronic liver disease patients | 63.6 | [335] | |
| Healthcare workers | 2.2 | [336] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 6.9-84.6 | [72,210,219,256,337-343] | |
| Injecting and non-injecting drug users | 10.5-74.6 | [72,220] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 4.6-78.6 | [222,344-347] | |
| Non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients | 21 | [348] | |
| Schistosomiasis patients | 17.9 | [336] | |
| Somalia | Chronic liver disease patients | 40.3 | [225] |
| Female sex workers, sexually transmitted infection patients, soldiers, tuberculosis patients | 1.8 | [349] | |
| Hospitalized patients | 2.2 | [73] | |
| Sudan | Hemodialysis patients | 19-34 | [350,351] |
| Hospital attendees | 0.4 | [352] | |
| High schistosomiasis region | 2.2 | [353] | |
| Syria | Female sex workers | 1.96 | [228] |
| Healthcare workers | 0-6 | [354] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 54.4 | [355] | |
| People who inject drugs | 60.5 | [228] | |
| Tunisia | Diabetics | 1.3 | [356] |
| Healthcare workers | 1 | [357] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 20-46.5 | [358-361] | |
| HIV positive patients | 39.7 | [362] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 42-50.5 | [363-365] | |
| Turkey | Barbers | 2.8 | [100] |
| Cancer patients | 2.8-5.8 | [366-368] | |
| Diabetic patients | 3.2-20.8 | [240,369] | |
| Female sex workers | 0.8 | [370] | |
| Healthcare workers | 0.3-1.5 | [234,371] | |
| Hemodialysis patients | 0-51.2 | [369,371-374] | |
| Chronic kidney disease patients | 7 | [375] | |
| Multi-transfused patients | 4-24.4 | [371,376] | |
| United Arab Emirates | Hemodialysis patients | 24.4 | [377] |
| Multi-transfused patients | 18.8 | [378] | |
| Yemen | Chronic liver disease patients | 21.5-37.1 | [253,254] |
| Healthcare workers | 0.5-3.5 | [252,379] |
Results shown are not of an exhaustive and systematic literature review. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.