Table 3.
Summary of risk of bias for randomized controlled CAM trials for PTSD.
| Study | Intervention | Random sequence generation |
Allocation concealment |
Blinding of participants/ personnel |
Blinding of outcome assessment |
Incomplete outcome data |
Selective reporting |
Fidelity of intervention assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy modalities | ||||||||
| Boggio, 2010 | rTMS | + | ? | + | + | + | + | N/A |
| Cohen, 2004 | rTMS | ? | ? | + | + | ? | + | N/A |
| Watts, 2012 | rTMS | ? | ? | + | + | + | + | N/A |
| Chinese medicine | ||||||||
| Hollifield, 2007 | Acupuncture | + | + | - | + | + | + | + |
| Zhang, 2011 | Acupoint stimulation | ? | ? | - | - | + | + | - |
| Nutraceutical | ||||||||
| Shams, 2007 | Ginkgo Biloba | ? | ? | + | ? | + | + | ? |
| Mind-body modalities | ||||||||
| Tan, 2011 | Biofeedback | ? | ? | - | ? | + | + | + |
| Zucker, 2009 | Biofeedback | + | ? | - | ? | + | + | ? |
| Karatzias, 2011 | EFT | + | ? | - | + | + | + | ? |
| Abramowitz, 2008 | Hypnosis | ? | ? | - | ? | + | + | ? |
| Bryant, 2006 | Hypnosis | + | - | - | + | - | + | + |
| Bormann, 2008 | Meditation | + | ? | - | + | + | + | + |
| Harris, 2011 | Meditation | + | ? | - | ? | + | + | + |
| Price, 2005 | Meditation | ? | ? | - | ? | + | + | + |
| Price, 2006 | Meditation | ? | ? | - | ? | + | + | + |
| Taylor, 2003 | Relaxation | ? | ? | + | + | - | + | + |
| Jain, 2012 | Guided imagery | + | + | - | + | ? | + | ? |
EFT: emotional freedom technique; rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(
) Low risk of bias
(
) High risk of bias
(
) Unclear risk of bias