Table 1.
Cytotoxicity of the studied Aframomum extracts, compounds and doxorubicin towards sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines and normal cells as determined by the resazurin assay
| Cell lines | Studied samples, IC 50values (μg/mL) aand degree of resistance (in braket) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aframomumspecies | Compounds from A. arundinaceum | Doxorubucin | |||||
| A. polyanthum | A. arundinaceum | 4 | 5 | 8 | 9 | ||
| CCRF-CEM | 20.37 ± 3.10 | 18.08 ± 0.98 | 17.32 ± 1.96 | 19.81 ± 2.01 | 12.20 ± 1.87 | 18.38 ± 2.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
| CEM/ADR5000 | 28.16 ± 1.24 (1.38) | 13.73 ± 1.02 (0.76) | - (>2.31) | - (>2.02) | 7.86 ± 0.74 (0.64) | 18.22 ± 1.18 (0.99) | 195.12 ± 14.30 (1772) |
| MDA-MB-231 | 33.79 ± 2.38 | 29.98 ± 1.86 | - | - | 9.51 ± 1.03 | - | 1.10 ± 0.01 |
| MDA-MB-231-BCRP | 30.24 ± 2.18 (0.89) | 30.66 ± 3.17 (1.02) | 27.99 ± 2.39 (<0.70) | - | 18.12 ± 2.01 (1.91) | 33.14 ± 2.64 (<0.83) | 7.83 ± 0.01 (7.11) |
| HCT116 p53 +/+ | - | 23.06 ± 2.21 | - | - | 13.65 ± 1.11 | - | 1.43 ± 0.02 |
| HCT116 p53 -/- | - | 27.38 ± 1.92 (1.19) | - | - | 13.86 ± 0.94 (1.02) | 36.74 ± 2.31 (<0.82) | 4.06 ± 0.04 (2.84) |
| U87MG | - | 36.70 ± 2.12 | - | - | 29.81 ± 1.88 | - | 1.06 ± 0.03 |
| U87MG.ΔEGFR | 20.59 ± 1.87 (<0.51) | 24.42 ± 1.95 (0.67) | - | - | 18.02 ± 1.34 (0.60) | - | 6.11 ± 0.04 (5.76) |
| HepG2 | - | 23.15 ± 1.97 (<0.58) | - | - | 23.46 ± 1.95 (<0.59) | - | 1.41 ± 0.12 (<0.04) |
| AML12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
aThe degree of resistance was determined as the ratio of IC50 value in the resistant divided by the IC50 in the sensitive cell line; AML12 was used as the corresponding resistant counterpart for HepG2. 4: galanal A; 5: galanal B; 8: naringenin; 9: kaempferol-3,7,4’-trimethylether; (-): >40 μg/mL.