Table 2.
Demographic Characteristics
| Covariate | No BRVO, n, (%) | Incident BRVO, n, (%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years ±SD, [range] | 65.6±8.1 [55-86.9] | 69.2±8.5 [55-86] | |
| Sex | 0.14 | ||
| Male | 204,594 (41.7) | 1,295 (43.3) | |
| Female | 285,611 (58.3) | 988 (56.7) | |
| Race | 0.02 | ||
| White | 390,914 (79.8) | 1,804 (79.0) | |
| Black | 23,812 (4.9) | 140 (6.1) | |
| Latino | 16,749 (3.4) | 81 (3.6) | |
| Asian -American | 7,902 (1.6) | 47 (2.1) | |
| Other/Missing | 50,828 (10.4) | 211 (9.2) | |
| Education | 0.06 | ||
| Less than High School | 5,173 (1.1) | 27 (1.2) | |
| High School | 166,310 (33.9) | 796 (34.9) | |
| Some College | 181,865 (37.1) | 883 (38.7) | |
| College Diploma | 113,456 (23.1) | 491 (21.5) | |
| Advanced Degree | 1,268 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | |
| Household Net Worth | <0.0001 | ||
| <$ 25,000 | 23,814 (4.9) | 144 (6.2) | |
| $ 25-75,000 | 22,261 (4.5) | 130 (5.7) | |
| $ 75-150,000 | 48,633 (9.9) | 250 (11.0) | |
| $ 150-500,000 | 206,857 (42.2) | 965 (42.3) | |
| >$ 500,000 | 152,222 (31.1) | 652 (28.6) | |
| Systemic Risk Factors | |||
| Arteriosclerosis | |||
| CVA | 79,676 (16.3) | 712 (31.2) | <0.0001 |
| MI | 39,539 (8.1) | 293 (12.8) | <0.0001 |
| CHF | 72,562 (14.8) | 566 (24.8) | <0.0001 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | <0.0001 | ||
| Only HTN | 41,911 (8.6) | 244 (10.7) | |
| Only DM | 2,699 (0.6) | 10 (0.4) | |
| Only CHOL | 61,121 (12.5) | 136 (6.0) | |
| DM+HTN | 11,617 (2.4) | 71 (3.1) | |
| CHOL+HTN (no DM) | 178,916 (36.5) | 898 (39.3) | |
| DM+CHOL (noHTN) | 9,738 (2.0) | 34 (1.5) | |
| DM+CHOL+HTN | 141,284 (28.8) | 805 (35.3) | |
| Complicateda DM | 74,342 (15.2) | 535 (23.4) | |
| Complicateda HTN | 77,300 (15.8) | 692 (30.3) | |
| Endothelial Damage | |||
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 94,506 (19.3) | 716 (31.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hypercoagulable State | |||
| DVT/PE | 12,820 (2.6) | 86 (3.8) | 0.0006 |
| Hypercoagulable state | 1,772 (0.4) | 15 (0.7) | 0.02 |
| Oral anti-coagulation | 91,653 (18.7) | 647 (28.3) | <0.0001 |
| Cancer | 93,402 (19.1) | 546 (23.9) | <0.0001 |
| Vasospasm | |||
| Migraine | 27,541 (5.6) | 127 (5.6) | 0.91 |
| Ocular Risk Factors | <0.0001 | ||
| Ocular hypertension | 18,499 (3.8) | 61 (2.7) | |
| Open-angle glaucoma | 70,824 (14.5) | 461 (20.2) | |
| Exfoliation Syndrome | 5,640 (1.2) | 41 (1.8) |
Abbreviations: BRVO, branch retinal vein occlusion; SD, standard deviation; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHOL, dyslipidemia; DVT/PE, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism
a
“Complicated” refers to disease including end-organ damage caused by DM or HTN