Table 1. Preoperative clinical characteristics.
| Characteristic | Number of patients (n=476) | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 376 | 79 |
| Female | 100 | 21 |
| Smoking | ||
| Yes | 299 | 62.8 |
| Present | 121 | 25.4 |
| Past | 178 | 37.4 |
| No | 177 | 37.2 |
| Preoperative weight loss | 40 | 8.4 |
| Previous thoracic surgery | 4 | 0.8 |
| Hypertension | 183 | 38.4 |
| Coronary artery disease | 95 | 20 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 69 | 14.5 |
| History of CVA/TIA | 31 | 6.5 |
| COPD | 57 | 12 |
| BMI | ||
| <30 | 450 | 94.5 |
| ≥30 | 26 | 5.5 |
| Pulmonary function (FEV1%) | ||
| <70 | 178 | 37.4 |
| ≥70 | 298 | 62.6 |
| ASA score | ||
| 1-2 | 296 | 62.2 |
| 3-4 | 180 | 37.8 |
| CCI | ||
| 0 | 222 | 46.6 |
| 1 | 143 | 30 |
| 2 | 82 | 17.2 |
| 3 | 25 | 5.3 |
| 4 | 4 | 0.8 |
CVA, cerebrovascular disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; FEV1%, forced expiratory volume as a percentage of forced vital capacity; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiology; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery; CCI, Charlson comorbidity Index.