Table 5. Patient characteristic and perioperative outcome.
| Characteristic | VATS (n=60) | Thoracotomy (n=60) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [range], yr | 75 [70-83] | 75 [70-83] | a |
| Gender, n (%) | a | ||
| Female | 18 (30.0) | 18 (30.0) | |
| Male | 42 (70.0) | 42 (70.0) | |
| CCI, n (%) | a | ||
| 0 | 27 (45.0) | 27 (45.0) | |
| 1 | 16 (26.7) | 16 (26.7) | |
| 2 | 15 (25.0) | 15 (25.0) | |
| 3 | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Pathologic stage, n (%) | a | ||
| I | 49 (81.7) | 49 (81.7) | |
| II | 8 (13.3) | 8 (13.3) | |
| IIIa | 3 (5.0) | 3 (5.0) | |
| Type of resection, n (%) | a | ||
| Wedge/segment | 19 (31.7) | 19 (31.7) | |
| Lobectomy | 36 (60.0) | 36 (60.0) | |
| Bilobectomy | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Extendedb | 3 (5.0) | 3 (5.0) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 33 (55.0) | 37 (61.7) | 0.459 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 27 (45.0) | 25 (41.7) | 0.715 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 15 (25.0) | 10 (16.7) | 0.265 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (10.0) | 9 (15.0) | 0.412 |
| History of CVA/TIA, n (%) | 4 (6.7) | 8 (13.3) | 0.227 |
| COPD, n (%) | 11 (18.3) | 6 (10.0) | 0.194 |
| FEV1% [range] | 76 [51-95] | 76 [52-95] | 0.933 |
| ASA, n (%) | 0.543 | ||
| 1 | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5.0) | |
| 2 | 30 (50.0) | 36 (60.0) | |
| 3 | 26 (43.3) | 21 (35.0) | |
| Histology, n (%) | 0.824 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 31 (51.7) | 34 (56.7) | |
| Squamous | 19 (31.7) | 18 (30.0) | |
| Othersc | 10 (16.7) | 8 (13.3) | |
| Tumor diameter (range), cm | 2.5 (0.5-7.0) | 2.7 (0.5-8.0) | 0.76 |
| Perioperative outcome | |||
| Conversions, n (%) | 0 | – | – |
| Length of stay [range], days | 19 [12-35] | 21 [13-38] | 0.013 |
| Complications, n (%) | 15 (25.0) | 26 (43.3) | 0.034 |
| Death, n (%) | 0 | 2 (3.3) | 0.159 |
a, used as matching variable; b, bronchoplasty and pulmonary artery reconstruction in one case and bronchial sleeve lobectomy in two cases; c, adenosquamous carcinoma, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma and carcinosarcoma; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CVA, cerebrovascular disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic bstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1%, forced expiratory volume as a percentage of forced vital capacity; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiology.