Table 1.
Phenotypic markers for circulating and resident progenitors cells
| Name of the progenitors | Antigens | Notes (origin) | Ref. |
| MSC, EPC and CEC in human | |||
| MSC | CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD14-, CD34-, CD45-, CD79-, and CD19- | Resident from various tissues | Dominici et al[103] |
| vw-MPSC | CD44+, CD90+, CD73+, CD34-, CD45- | Resident from arterial adventitia | Klein et al[54] |
| vw-MSC | CD44+, CD90+, CD73+, CD105+, CD29+, CD166+, Stro-1, Notch-1 and Oct-4 | Resident from aortic arches, thoracic and femoral arteries | Pasquinelli et al[52,53] |
| Circulating MSC | CD105+, CD166+, CD54+, CD55+, CD13+, CD44+; CD34-, CD45-, CD14-, CD31-, CD133- | Circulating and resident from bone marrow; cartilage; synovial membrane; peripheral blood; umbilical cord blood; teeth | Qian et al[104] |
| Circulating EPC | CD34+, CD133+, VEGFR2+ (KDR) | Circulating and resident from bone marrow; peripheral blood; umbilical cord blood; hematopoietic stem cells; hemangioblast; fat tissues | |
| Circulating total PC | CD133+; CD34+; CD133+/CD34+ | Circulating | Baker et al[105] |
| Circulating EC | CD146+/CD31+ | Circulating | |
| Circulating EPC | CD34+ VEGFR+ CD133+ | Circulating | |
| Circulating EPC | (CD34+/CD133–/KDR+/CD45–) expressing VDR+ or OCN+, and VDR+ and OCN+ | Circulating (in chronic kidney disease) | Cianciolo et al[106] |
| Circulating EPC | CD133+, CD34+, KDR+ | Circulating (in rheumatoid arthritis with coronary Calcification) | Yiu et al[107] |
| OPs in human | |||
| OP | CD44+, CD63+, CD146+, Stro-1+ | Resident bone marrow | Gronthos et al[108] |
| CVC | 3G5+ | Resident from arteries (Pericytes markers) | Bostrom et al[109] |
| Circulating osteocalcin-positive mononuclear cells | OCN+ | Circulating bone marrow derived | Pal et al[93] |
| Circulating progenitor cells (Pro-calcific differentiation) | CD34+/OCN+; CD34+/BAP+; CD34+/OCN+/BAP+; OCN+/KDR+ ratio; BAP+/KDR+ ratio; OCN+/ BAP+/KDR+ ratio | Circulating (in diabete mellitus) | Fadini et al[110] |
| Circulating EPC expressing osteocalcin | OCN+/CD133+/CD34-/KDR+ | Circulating (in cardiovascular disease) | Flammer et al[95] |
| Circulating EPC expressing osteocalcin | OCN+/CD133+/CD34-/ KDR+ | Circulating (in coronary atherosclerosis, plaques instability) | Gössl et al[97] |
| Circulating T cells | CD28- CD8 +T cells | Circulating (in calcific aortic stenosis) | Winchester et al[111] |
| OPs in mouse models | |||
| Mesenchymal OPs | CD45-/TER119-/ Sca-1+/PDGFRa+ | Resident in the mouse bone marrow | Morikawa et al[112] |
| Bone marrow-derived calcifying cells | Sca-1+/PDGFRa- and Sca-1+/PDGFRa+ | Resident from mice aorta | Cho et al[113] |
| Circulating osteogenic cells | Sca-1+, PDGFRa+, CD45-, CD44+, CXCR4+ | Circulating in ectopic bone formation in a mouse model | Otsuru et al[114] |
MSC: Mesenchymal stromal cells; EPC: Endothelial progenitors cells; CEC: Circulating endothelial cells; vw-MPSC: Vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells; vw-MSC: Vascular wall-resident multipotent mesenchymal stem cells; PC: Progenitors cells; CVC: Calcifying vascular cells; OPs: Osteoprogenitors; CD: Cluster of differentiation; Oct-4: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; OCN: Osteocalcin; VEGFR2 (KDR): Kinase insert domain receptor; VDR: Vitamin D receptor; BAP: Bone alkaline phosphatase; Sca-1: Stem cells antigen-1; PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor; CXCR-4: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4.