Figure 5.

Human PDE1A RNA and PKA inhibitors rescued pde1a morphant phenotypes. (A) Two-dpf embryos injected with 5 ng start 1 MO+5 ng start 2 MO were coinjected with human PDE1A1 RNA (125 pg) or incubated with PKA inhibitors H89 (1–5 μM) or Rp-cAMPS (1 μM). (B) Quantification of phenotypes shows partial rescue of pronephric cysts, hydrocephalus, and body curvature by treatment with PDE1A1 RNA, H89, and Rp-cAMPS. *P<0.05; **P<0.005 by chi-squared test versus MO alone (n≥218 embryos in five or more batches of 22–71 embryos each; data shown are the total incidence of phenotypes in treated pde1a morphants as percentages of phenotypes in untreated pde1a morphants). (C) Enzyme assays on lysates from Xenopus oocytes injected with water or PDE1A1 RNA confirmed that the RNA used for rescue expressed PDE1A1 and induced PDE1 activity.