Table 3.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics stratified for survivors, nonsurvivors, and patients who died of cardiovascular disease during follow-up
| Characteristic | Survivors (n=96) | Nonsurvivors (n=75) | P Valuea | CV Death (n=42) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 61±14 | 69±11 | <0.001 | 70±11 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 59 (61) | 52 (69) | 0.33 | 30 (71) | 0.34 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27±5 | 26±6 | 0.64 | 27±6 | 0.96 |
| BP systolic/diastolic (mmHg) | 131±20/73±13 | 134±16/71±11 | 0.45/0.39 | 132±17/69±7 | 0.9/0.1 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 21 (22) | 22 (29) | 0.49 | 12 (29) | 0.73 |
| Previous diagnoses, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 69 (72) | 55 (73) | 0.86 | 31 (74) | 1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 50 (52) | 52 (69) | 0.03 | 33 (79) | 0.004 |
| STEMI | 11 (11) | 12 (16) | 0.5 | 8 (19) | 0.29 |
| NSTEMI | 27 (28) | 28 (37) | 0.25 | 17 (40) | 0.17 |
| Coronary stent | 15 (16) | 18 (24) | 0.18 | 13 (31) | 0.06 |
| Coronary artery bypass | 14(15) | 12 (16) | 0.83 | 7 (17) | 0.8 |
| Peripheral artery occlusive disease | 13 (14) | 25 (33) | 0.003 | 19 (45) | <0.001 |
| Prior stroke | 21 (22) | 17 (23) | 1.0 | 12 (29) | 0.52 |
| Valvular heart disease | 38 (40) | 36 (48) | 0.28 | 19 (45) | 0.58 |
| Congestive heart failure | 19 (20) | 22 (29) | 0.15 | 15 (36) | 0.06 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 (27) | 40 (53) | <0.001 | 24 (57) | <0.001 |
| Pacemaker | 7 (7) | 8 (11) | 0.59 | 5 (12) | 0.51 |
| Biventricular pacemaker | 0 | 2 (3) | 0.20 | 2 (5) | 0.09 |
| Dilative cardiomyopathy | 4(4) | 5 (7) | 0.51 | 3 (7) | 0.68 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 5(5) | 4 (5) | 1.0 | 2 (5) | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 | 37 (39) | 28 (37) | 1.0 | 22 (52) | 0.45 |
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism | 55(57) | 39 (52) | 0.54 | 21 (50) | 0.46 |
| Cause of ESRD, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 25 (26) | 24 (32) | 0.40 | 16 (40) | 0.15 |
| Nephrosclerosis | 26 (27) | 20 (27) | 1.0 | 12 (29) | 1 |
| Chronic GN | 18 (19) | 13 (17) | 0.84 | 6 (14) | 0.63 |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 15 (16) | 3 (4) | 0.01 | 1 (2) | 0.02 |
| Interstitial nephritis | 4 (4) | 5 (7) | 0.51 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Systemic diseaseb | 4 (4) | 3 (4) | 1.0 | 3 (7) | 0.68 |
| Unknown | 4 (4) | 7 (9) | 0.22 | 4 (10) | 0.25 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||||
| β-Blocker | 79 (82) | 53 (71) | 0.1 | 30 (17) | 0.18 |
| ACE inhibitor | 47(49) | 27 (36) | 0.12 | 18 (43) | 0.58 |
| Angiotensin II–receptor antagonist | 19 (20) | 12 (16) | 0.55 | 10 (24) | 0.65 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 42 (44) | 28 (37) | 0.44 | 15 (36) | 0.46 |
| Diuretic | 61 (64) | 41 (55) | 0.27 | 25 (60) | 0.7 |
| Sympatholyticsc | 23 (24) | 11 (15) | 0.18 | 6 (14) | 0.26 |
| Statin | 38 (40) | 34 (45) | 0.53 | 20 (48) | 0.35 |
| Amiodarone | 7 (7) | 4 (5) | 0.76 | 2 (5) | 0.72 |
| Phosphate binder | |||||
| Calcium-containing | 50 (52) | 37 (49) | 0.76 | 20 (48) | 0.71 |
| Non–calcium-containing | 35 (36) | 21 (28) | 0.26 | 11 (26) | 0.25 |
| Cinacalcet | 9 (9) | 3 (4) | 0.23 | 2 (5) | 0.5 |
| Vitamin D | 53 (55) | 35 (47) | 0.28 | 21 (50) | 0.58 |
| Erythropoietin | 55 (57) | 39 (52) | 0.54 | 15 (36) | 0.03 |
| Phenprocoumon | 19 (20) | 16 (21) | 0.85 | 11 (26) | 0.5 |
| Dialysis-related informations | |||||
| Time on dialysis (mo) | 43±66 | 33±45 | 0.21 | 33±46 | 0.31 |
| Duration of dialysis (hr/wk) | 12±3 | 12±3 | 0.91 | 12±3 | 0.68 |
| Frequency of dialysis (d/wk) | 3±0.6 | 3±0.9 | 0.49 | 3±1.2 | 0.68 |
| Ultrafiltration volume (ml) | 2065±1247 | 2179±1779 | 0.71 | 2383±2245 | 0.52 |
| Peritoneal dialysis, n (%) | 6 (6) | 2 (3) | 0.47 | 0 | 0.18 |
| Arteriovenous fistula, n (%) | 65 (68) | 37 (49) | 0.02 | 25 (60) | 0.44 |
| Central catheter, n (%) | 30 (31) | 38 (51) | 0.01 | 17 (40) | 0.33 |
| Laboratory values | |||||
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.7±0.8 | 4.6±0.8 | 0.54 | 4.7±0.8 | 0.98 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.24±0.3 | 2.19±0.3 | 0.22 | 2.21±0.22 | 0.54 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.7±0.7 | 1.64±0.6 | 0.58 | 1.55±0.53 | 0.25 |
| Protein (g/L) | 68±8 | 65±9 | 0.01 | 67±8 | 0.39 |
| Albumin (%) | 55±11 | 48±10 | 0.005 | 48±9 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 112±16 | 107±17 | 0.05 | 109±18 | 0.43 |
| Parathyroid hormone (ng/L) | 290±300 | 201±217 | 0.10 | 175±192 | 0.06 |
Values expressed with a plus/minus sign are the mean±SD. STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme.
a
Versus survivors; Fisher exact test.
b
Lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener granulomatosis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Churg-Strauss arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa.
c
Clonidine or moxonidine.