Table 1.
Summary table of population characteristics of included studies
| Author | Development
|
Validation
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population and setting | Number of patients (n) and common comorbidities (%) | Number of drugs | Primary outcome measure and rate | Drugs most frequently associated with primary outcome (%) | Most frequent body systems affected by ADRs (%) | Population and setting | |
| McElnay et al12 | Age: 65–98 years Location: acute hospital (UK) Year: NR Sex: F 49.5% Ethnicity: NR |
n=929 Comorbidities not reported |
Mean: 4.3 (range: 1–15) (SD: NR) |
ADE – ADR and adherence 16% |
Digoxin ACE inhibitors Antidepressants Insulin |
NR | n=204 (number ADRs unknown) Cohort similar to development cohort |
| Tangiisuran13 | Age: 85±7.9 years Location: acute hospital (UK) Year: 2007 and 2008 Sex: F 61% Ethnicity: white |
n=690 HTN (73) Infection (44) Anemia (41) MSK(41) |
Mean: 7 (range: 5–10) (SD: NR) |
ADR 12.5% |
Cardiovascular (34%) Analgesics (16%) Antidiabetics (13%) Antibiotics (13%) |
GI (21.1%) CV (20%) Neuropsychiatric (14.7%) Endocrine (13.7%) Metabolic/renal (11.6%) |
n=483 (56 suffered ADR) Number of drugs 11.0±7.0 Cohort similar – drawn from four European countries (UK, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands) |
| Onder et al14 | Age: 78±7.2 years Location: acute and community hospitals (Italy) Year: 1993–1997 Sex: NR Ethnicity: NR |
n=5936 HTN (24)31 CHD (21)31 Diabetes (16)31 COPD (14)31 CVD (13)31 |
Mean: 6.3 (range: NR) (SD: 3.6) |
ADR 6.5% |
Antineoplastics (19.5%)31 NSAIDs (5.2%)31 Antipsychotics (4.4%)31 Antibiotics (3.9%)31 Corticosteroids (3.3%)31 |
GI (18%) CV (25.3%) Neuropsychiatric (17.8%) Dermatologic (11.7%) |
n=483 (56 suffered ADR) Number of drugs 11.0±7.0 Cohort similar – drawn from four European countries (UK, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands) |
|
Secondary study21 n=513 (135 ADRs) Number of drugs 7 (IQR 7–10) Cohort similar to development cohort – drawn from Republic of Ireland |
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| Trivalle et al15 | Age: 83.6±7.9 years Location: 16 rehabilitation hospitals (France) Year: NR Sex: F 72% Ethnicity: NR |
n=576 CV (72) MSK (48) GI (36) GU (29) Neuro (26) |
Mean: 9.4 (range: NR) (SD: 4.24) |
ADE 39% (not all were included in the study) |
Psychotropics (23%) Antihypertensives (17%) Anticoagulants (14%) Analgesics (13%) |
GI (25%) Biological abnormalities (22%) Other (20%) Neuropsychiatrie (12%) |
Bootstrapping n=NR Validation cohort similar to developmental cohort |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ADE, adverse drug event; ADR, adverse drug reaction; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; F, female; GI, gastrointestinal; GU, genitourinary; HTN, hypertension; IQR, interquartile range; MSK, musculoskeletal; Neuro, neurological comorbidity; NR, not recorded; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation.