FIG 5.

Prediction of complete amino acid, vitamin, and cofactor biosynthesis pathways and non-carbohydrate degradation pathways. Panel a shows a heatmap of the amino acid, vitamin, and cofactor biosynthetic pathways present in the analyzed bifidobacterial genomes. Panel b displays a heatmap that shows all complete non-carbohydrate degradation pathways found in the genus Bifidobacterium. Panel c shows a heatmap illustrating glycodeoxycholate and taurodeoxycholate degradation capabilities, along with the presence of a bile salt hydrolase gene, in the analyzed bifidobacterial species. Each bifidobacterial genome analyzed is numbered according to the numbering of the species displayed in Table 1. Black and gray squares in panels a to c represent the absence and presence of genes.