Effects of metformin and phenformin on growth of Akkermansia muciniphila as a proportion of all bacteria in BHI medium. Mixed stool, original stool samples from HFD-Met mice prior to culture. The amount of Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria as a proportion of all bacteria, considered 100%, was calculated, *, statistical significance based on a P value of <0.05 (Mann-Whitney U test).