FIG 3.

HIV-membrane fusion following cell-to-cell infection is inhibited by PPADS. (A) Jurkat-floxRG cells were mixed with Jurkat cells nucleofected with HIV-1 Gag-iCre, and the inhibitors AMD3100 and PPADS were tested for their ability to block viral membrane fusion. Cell-to-cell infection was observed, and PPADS inhibition was noted for concentrations of PPADS between 1 and 100 μM in the representative fluorescence-activated cell sorter plots. (B) PPADS inhibited viral membrane fusion during cell-to-cell infection, as measured by a Vpr-BlaM assay. Representative fluorescent-activated cell sorting plots of uninfected target cells (top), cells infected with HIV Vpr-BlaM (middle), and cells infected with HIV Vpr-BlaM in the presence of 100 μM PPADS (bottom) are shown. APC, allophycocyanin.