TABLE 1.

Cytokine responses corresponding to porcine monocytic cell activation statuses^a

Cell type and mediator	Cytokine response (fold change)b
	IL-1β	IL-6	IL-8	IL-12	TNF-α	IL-10
Mϕs
LPS	6.3 ± 0.6*	0.9 ± 0.1	3.9 ± 0.4*	1.0 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.0
IFN-γ	2.0 ± 0.2*	1.8 ± 0.2*	1.4 ± 0.1	8.1 ± 0.8*	1.0 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.2*
IL-4	−1.8 ± 0.2*	−1.4 ± 0.2	−2.3 ± 0.2*	1.0 ± 0.0	−1.1 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.0
IL-10	−3.0 ± 0.3*	1.2 ± 0.2	−5.0 ± 0.5*	5.7 ± 0.5*	−1.4 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.2*
IFN-α	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.2*	6.9 ± 0.7*	−1.5 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.2*
IFN-β	−1.5 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	−4.6 ± 0.4*	4.1 ± 0.4*	1.2 ± 0.1	2.6 ± 0.2*
BMs
GM-CSF	3.3 ± 0.1*	2.1 ± 0.1*	3.6 ± 0.0*	ND	1.6 ± 0.4	6.9 ± 1.1*
M-CSF	2.8 ± 0.1*	1.4 ± 0.1	12.5 ± 0.1*	ND	2.3 ± 0.6*	7.1 ± 1.2*
mDCs
LPS	1.8 ± 0.2*	1.6 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 0.3*	ND	−2.7 ± 0.3*	−4.2 ± 0.4*
IFN-γ	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.2*	ND	−1.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.0
IL-4	−1.9 ± 0.2*	2.3 ± 0.3*	6.3 ± 0.6*	ND	−1.6 ± 0.2	−1.4 ± 0.1
IL-10	−8.3 ± 0.8*	1.0 ± 0.0	−1.9 ± 0.2*	ND	−2.1 ± 0.4*	2.1 ± 0.2*
IFN-α	1.7 ± 0.2*	1.0 ± 0.0	2.6 ± 0.2*	ND	−1.3 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.0
IFN-β	1.9 ± 0.2*	1.0 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.3*	ND	−1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.0

^aCells were stimulated with the mediators (20 ng/ml each, except for GM-CSF at 50 ng/ml and M-CSF at 100 ng/ml in PBS containing 5% BSA) for 30 h and then thoroughly washed and replenished with fresh medium for 16 h. Culture supernatants were collected, and cytokine levels were measured.

^bData are means ± SE from three replicates. Negative fold change values indicate a decrease. *, P < 0.05 relative to the control. ND, not determined.