FIG 7.

Blocking CNV binding to canine samples using synthetic neoglycoconjugates. Neoglycoconjugates were incubated with CNV VLPs for 1 h at 37°C prior to the VLPs being added to either duodenal scrapings in an ELISA-based assay (A) or human HT29 cells in suspension for FACS (B). Synthetic oligosaccharides were conjugated to either HSA or PAA, as indicated beneath each bar. The same conjugates were used in the FACS experiments, where the binding of both CNV strain C33 VLPs and human norovirus GI.1 VLPs was studied. The dashed lines represent signal in the absence of VLPs but in the presence of the primary and secondary antibodies. The black lines represent VLP binding when VLPs were preincubated with PBS only. The gray lines represent the binding of VLPs to cells after they had been preincubated with different synthetic oligosaccharides. The number in gray above each histogram is the MFI (geometric mean) of all cells when VLPs were preincubated with neoglycoconjugate. The second number, in black, for the H type 1 histograms is the MFI of all cells when VLPs were preincubated with PBS only. The error bars represent standard errors.