VSV28.1 immunization protects from subsequent virus challenge. (A and C) Mice were immunized intranasally with PBS (Uninfected), 1 × 106 PFU of VSV, or the equivalent of 1 × 106 PFU of UV-inactivated VSV (A) or with PBS, VSV, VSVGFP.1, or VSV28.1 (C). At 1 month p.i., all groups were challenged with 1 × 106 PFU of VSV(G)ch, and weight loss was measured for 2 weeks postchallenge. The average weight for each group is shown. (B and D) Splenocytes collected from mice 2 weeks postchallenge were assayed to quantify splenic VSV-specific CD8 T cells by IFN-γ ELISPOT assays (n = 5). *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001.