Table 2.

Changes in arm/hand pain intensity and global rating of change (GROC) following menthol and placebo topical application. Differences of each group are shown on the left and post hoc contrasts between the groups on the right. Values are means (95% confidence interval).

	Within-group difference from before to after application		Between-group difference
	Menthol	Placebo	Menthol versus placebo	P value
Pain at hour 1 (0–10)	−1.3 (−2.2 to −0.4)	−0.1 (−1.0 to 0.8)	−1.2 (−2.1 to −0.2)	0.016
Pain at hour 2 (0–10)	−1.4 (−2.3 to −0.5)	−0.3 (−1.2 to 0.6)	−1.1 (−2.0 to −0.1)	0.027
Pain at hour 3 (0–10)	−1.3 (−2.2 to −0.4)	0.0 (−0.9 to 0.9)	−1.3 (−2.2 to −0.3)	0.009
GROC (−5 to 5)	−1.2 (−2.4 to −0.1)	0.3 (−0.9 to 1.4)	−1.5 (−2.9 to −0.1)	0.044