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. 2014 Oct;144(4):297–309. doi: 10.1085/jgp.201411245

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© 2014 Keum et al.

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Figure 9. — M₁R suppresses Ca_V2.2 currents through two separate pathways. (A) Diagram shows two separate signaling pathways independently modulating Ca_V2.2 channels. The predominance of each type of modulation is controlled by the β subunit. Solid lines indicate major inhibitory pathways. Dashed lines indicate minor or weak inhibitory pathways. (B) Relative effects of PIP₂- and Gβγ-dependent pathways on the Oxo-M regulation of Ca_V2.2 channels with different β subunits. Membrane localization of β subunits decreases the PIP₂-dependent regulation, whereas it enhances the effects of Gβγ subunit–mediated, voltage-dependent regulation.