TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Children According to WHO Staged CD4% and Age at HAART Initiation
| Variable | WHO Immunologic Classification for HIV-Associated Immunodeficiency at HAART Initiation | Age (y) at HAART Initiation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe | Advanced | Mild | None | Total | Pa | Mean (SD) | P | |
| n | 91 | 40 | 34 | 44 | 209 | |||
| Age, n (%) | ||||||||
| 0–4 y | 41 (41) | 13 (13) | 18 (18) | 27 (27) | 99 | .07 | 2.0 (1.5) | N/A |
| 5–9 y | 27 (39) | 18 (26) | 12 (17) | 13 (19) | 70 | 8.0 (2.2) | ||
| 10–17 y | 23 (58) | 9 (23) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 40 | 15.1 (1.5) | ||
| Age, y, M (SD) | 6.3 (4.7) | 7.0 (4.7) | 4.9 (4.0) | 4.2 (3.8) | 5.8 (4.5) | .01 | 5.8 (4.5) | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female, n (%) | 35 (34) | 18 (17) | 25 (24) | 25 (24) | 103 | .003 | 5.6 (4.5) | .59 |
| Male | 56 (53) | 22 (21) | 9 (8) | 19 (18) | 106 | 6.0 (4.6) | ||
| Race, n (%) | ||||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 48 (42) | 26 (23) | 22 (19) | 18 (16) | 114 | .04 | 6.8 (4.8) | <.001 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 12 (34) | 5 (14) | 3 (9) | 15 (43) | 35 | 3.2 (3.3) | ||
| Hispanic/other | 31 (52) | 9 (15) | 9 (15) | 11 (18) | 60 | 5.5 (4.0) | ||
| Continent, n (%) | ||||||||
| Europe | 40 (43) | 26 (28) | 13 (14) | 15 (16) | 94 | .05 | 5.0 (3.9) | .002 |
| North America | 30 (48) | 10 (16) | 9 (14) | 14 (22) | 63 | 7.4 (5.5) | ||
| South America | 21 (40) | 4 (8) | 12 (23) | 15 (29) | 52 | 5.2 (3.6) | ||
| CDC clinical stage, n (%) | ||||||||
| N or A | 41 (37) | 24 (22) | 24 (22) | 22 (20) | 111 | .06 | 5.9 (4.8) | .78 |
| B or C | 50 (51) | 16 (16) | 10 (10) | 22 (22) | 98 | 5.7 (4.1) | ||
| Treatment regimen, n (%) | ||||||||
| NNRTI | 46 (43) | 16 (15) | 22 (21) | 22 (21) | 106 | N/Ab | 5.3 (4.1) | N/Ab |
| PI | 45 (44) | 24 (23) | 12 (12) | 22 (21) | 103 | 6.3 (4.9) | ||
| Switching threshold, n (%) | ||||||||
| 1000 copies/mL | 46 (44) | 19 (18) | 14 (13) | 25 (24) | 104 | N/Ab | 5.6 (4.5) | N/Ab |
| 30 000 copies/mL | 45 (43) | 21 (20) | 20 (19) | 19 (18) | 105 | 6.0 (4.5) | ||
| z score, M (SD) | ||||||||
| Weight for age | −0.6 (1.6) | −0.8 (1.2) | −0.6 (1.1) | −0.7 (1.5) | −0.7 (1.4) | .81 | r = 0.32 | <.001 |
| Height for age | −1.0 (1.4) | −1.0 (0.8) | −0.8 (1.1) | −0.8 (1.3) | −0.9 (1.2) | .81 | r = 0.16 | .02 |
| BMI | −0.0 (1.4) | −0.4 (1.5) | −0.2 (1.2) | −0.2 (1.3) | −0.2 (1.4) | .59 | r = 0.29 | <.001 |
| Baseline viral load log10 copies/mL, M (SD) | 5.2 (0.9) | 5.1 (0.8) | 4.8 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.9) | .31 | r = –0.54 | <.001 |
| Baseline CD4%, M (SD) | 10.2 (5.7) | 18.5 (3.8) | 25.4 (4.9) | 35.6 (7.1) | 19.6 (11.4) | N/A | r = –0.44 | <.001 |
N/A, not applicable; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.
a
Comparisons used Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and linear regression for continuous variables.
b
P values are not reported because any differences were determined by randomization.