Table 4.
Dietary intake before and after the 12-week lifestyle intervention
| FEM
|
CON
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| Kilojoules | 7,285±468 | 6,345±396* | 6,641±616 | 7,485±675 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 44.6±1.9 | 49.3±3.0 | 49.3±2.1 | 45.5±3.0 |
| Protein (%) | 18.0±1.0 | 19.6±1.2 | 17.5±0.8 | 17.3±1.2 |
| Fat (%) | 34.7±1.5 | 30.2±2.8 | 31.1±1.9 | 31.7±2.0 |
| Saturated fat (%) | 41.5±1.5 | 38.1±2.8 | 40.2±1.9 | 41.4±1.1 |
| Monounsaturated fat (%) | 41.7±1.0 | 41.9±2.9 | 40.8±1.7 | 40.3±1.5 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (%) | 16.7±1.0 | 20.0±1.4 | 19.0±1.4 | 18.3±1.4 |
| ω-6 fatty acids (diet) (g) | 8.0±0.6 | 7.1±1.0 | 6.8±1.1 | 7.5±0.9 |
| ω-3 fatty acids (diet) (g) | 0.95±0.12 | 1.04±0.21 | 0.62±0.08 | 0.76±0.09 |
| ω-6:ω-3 ratio (diet) | 9.4±0.8 | 8.9±1.3 | 11.2±1.1 | 10.0±0.4 |
| ω-6:ω-3 ratio (diet and supplement) | 9.4±0.8 | 2.5±0.3** | ||
| Cholesterol (mg) | 264.0±33.6 | 192.1±31.3* | 208.8±25.8 | 285.8±26.4 |
| Fiber (g) | 19.1±1.2 | 25.4±2.4 | 18.8±2.5 | 20.1±3.5 |
| Sodium (mg) | 2,839.2±287.3 | 2,338.8±304.2 | 2,382.3±232.1 | 2,461.1±248.0 |
Notes:
*
P<0.05;
**
P<0.001. Data as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations: FEM, intervention group receiving fish oil, exercise, and a Mediterranean diet; CON, control group.