Table 1.

Description of morphological traits and vital states of SiO₂NPs treated Hydra and corresponding score key.

Score	Morphology	Vital state
7	Normal hydra	Active
6	Bumped gastric region, normal tentacles	Active
5	Inverted-cone gastric region; shortened tentacles	Whitening, gastric region paralyzed, slow tentacles
4	Inverted-cone gastric region, short tentacles	Paralyzed, rigid tentacles
3	Gastric region reduced in size, crushed tentacles	Permanently damaged to death
2	Further reduced gastric region, without tentacles	Abundant cell loss
1	Irregular shape	Death
0	Dispersed cell clumps and debris	Disintegrated