Table 2.
Comparisons of mean (SD) facial muscle activations during presentations of real and virtual stimuli expressing the basic emotions.
| Real (μV) | Avatar (μV) | F | p | ES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR | |||||
| Overall | 4.05 (3.1) | 3.89 (3.7) | 0.40 | >0.5 | 0.06 |
| Joy | 4.59 (4.6) | 4.21 (4.1) | 0.92 | >0.3 | 0.14 |
| Fear | 4.61 (4.1) | 4.31 (5.3) | 0.49 | >0.5 | 0.07 |
| Anger | 3.75 (3.1) | 3.76 (3.9) | 0.03 | >0.5 | 0.00 |
| Sadness | 3.76 (3.4) | 3.33 (3.5) | 1.2 | >0.25 | 0.18 |
| Surprise | 3.53 (3.0) | 3.62 (3.9) | 0.25 | >0.5 | 0.04 |
| Disgust | 4.05 (3.5) | 4.12 (4.9) | 0.14 | >0.5 | 0.02 |
| CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII | |||||
| Overall | 8.71 (4.8) | 8.59 (5.1) | 0.03 | >0.5 | 0.05 |
| Joy | 9.43 (7.0) | 7.58 (4.9) | 0.89 | >0.3 | 0.13 |
| Fear | 9.10 (4.9) | 8.25 (4.7) | 1.1 | >0.3 | 0.17 |
| Anger | 8.68 (4.9) | 11.27 (8.9) | 0.86 | >0.5 | 0.13 |
| Sadness | 8.62 (4.8) | 8.44 (5.0) | 0.39 | >0.3 | 0.06 |
| Surprise | 8.38 (4.8) | 8.14 (4.6) | 0.55 | >0.5 | 0.09 |
| Disgust | 8.07 (4.7) | 7.89 (4.7) | 0.38 | >0.5 | 0.06 |
ES, effect size (r).