Table 2.
Association of Age with the Risk of Death and Loss to Follow-Up Among HIV-Infected Zambian Adults Taking Antiretroviral Therapy
| Death | Loss to follow-up | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
| Age, years | ||||
| 16–29 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 30–39 | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.77 (0.74–0.79) | 0.76 (0.72–0.79) |
| 40–49 | 1.25 (1.18–1.33) | 1.25 (1.08–1.45) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) |
| 50–59 | 1.50 (1.37–1.64) | 1.56 (1.28–1.92) | 0.70 (0.66–0.75) | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) |
| 60–95 | 2.31 (2.01–2.65) | 2.97 (2.21–3.99) | 0.87 (0.77–0.97) | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Men | 1.48 (1.42–1.55) | 1.38 (1.24–1.52) | 1.21 (1.18–1.24) | 1.33 (1.27–1.39) |
| BMIa | ||||
| <18 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 18–24.9 | 0.38 (0.36–0.39) | 0.70 (0.63–0.77) | 0.73 (0.71–0.75) | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) |
| ≥25 | 0.22 (0.20–0.24) | 0.62 (0.51–0.77) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) |
| WHO disease stage | ||||
| 1 or 2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 3 | 2.31 (2.19–2.44) | 1.39 (1.23–1.56) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) |
| 4 | 3.49 (3.25–3.76) | 1.72 (1.44–2.04) | 1.24 (1.18–1.30) | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) |
| Baseline CD4+ T cell | ||||
| count, per 50 cells/mm3 increase | 0.81 (0.80–0.82) | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
| Year of ART start | ||||
| 2004–2006 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2007–2011 | 0.64 (0.61–0.67) | 0.69 (0.60–0.79) | 1.71 (1.66–1.77) | 1.64 (1.55–1.73) |
| First-line ART regimen | ||||
| AZT+XTC+NVP/EFV | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| D4T+XTC+NVP/EFV | 1.87 (1.77–1.97) | 1.28 (1.15–1.43) | 1.18 (1.14–1.22) | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) |
| TDF+XTC+NVP/EFV | 1.18 (1.11–1.25) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 1.48 (1.43–1.53) | 1.30 (1.21–1.38) |
| Other | 1.63 (1.44–1.86) | 0.97 (0.55–1.73) | 2.60 (2.42–2.78) | 1.86 (1.58–2.19) |
| Adherence, MPRb | ||||
| <80 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 80–94 | 0.75 (0.64–0.87) | 0.70 (0.60–0.82) | 0.56 (0.53–0.60) | 0.58 (0.55–0.62) |
| 95–100 | 0.66 (0.57–0.75) | 0.64 (0.56–0.74) | 0.40 (0.38–0.42) | 0.40 (0.38–0.42) |
a
Body mass index (BMI) is calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared.
b
Medication possession ratio (MPR) is calculated by dividing the number of days of ART possession (based on pharmacy data) by the number of days on ART and multiplying the quotient by 100.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AZT, zidovudine; d4T, stavudine; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; XTC, either lamivudine or emtricitabine; WHO, World Health Organization.