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Sample characteristics (N = 94)
| Variables | Statistics |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | % | n | |
| Age (years) | 46.2 | 14.5 | ||
| At least 12-years of education | 90.4 | 85 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 66.0 | 62 | ||
| Hispanic | 4.3 | 4 | ||
| African American | 27.7 | 26 | ||
| Asian | 1.0 | 1 | ||
| Pain duration (mos) | 48.6 | 45.4 | ||
| Opioid-based medication | 22.3 | 21 | ||
| Nonsteroidal | 56.4 | 53 | ||
| Anti-inflammatory | ||||
| Muscle relaxants | 9.6 | 9 | ||
| Antidepressants | 7.4 | 7 | ||
