Table 3.

Multivariate-Adjusted Cox Proportional Hazards Models for Baseline Fasting Value of hs-GH Versus Incidence of CAD, Stroke, CHF, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Mortality

Event	n	Sex	Continuous∗			Q1†	Q2†			Q3†			Q4†			Trend†
			HR	95% CI	p Value	HR‡	HR∗	95% CI	p Value	HR‡	95% CI	p Value	HR‡	95% CI	p Value	HR‡	95% CI	p Value
CAD	397	All	1.11	1.01–1.23	0.04	1.00 (ref)	1.10	0.83–1.47	0.50	1.05	0.77–1.42	0.76	1.33	0.99–1.79	0.05	1.09	0.99–1.19	0.08
	247	Male	1.17	1.04–1.33	0.01	1.00 (ref)	0.92	0.64–1.33	0.66	0.93	0.63–1.39	0.74	1.45	1.01–2.08	0.05	1.14	1.01–1.29	0.03
	150	Female	1.02	0.86–1.21	0.81	1.00 (ref)	1.41	0.90–2.21	0.13	1.23	0.76–1.97	0.39	1.06	0.63–1.78	0.83	1.00	0.86–1.17	0.96
Stroke	251	All	1.18	1.04–1.34	0.01	1.00 (ref)	1.16	0.80–1.70	0.43	1.37	0.94–2.01	0.10	1.52	1.04–2.23	0.03	1.15	1.02–1.30	0.02
	132	Male	1.21	1.02–1.43	0.02	1.00 (ref)	1.03	0.61–1.74	0.92	1.03	0.59–1.81	0.91	1.53	0.91–2.56	0.11	1.16	0.98–1.36	0.08
	119	Female	1.16	0.95–1.41	0.15	1.00 (ref)	1.32	0.77–2.27	0.32	1.78	1.05–3.02	0.03	1.51	0.85–2.71	0.16	1.17	0.98–1.39	0.08
CHF	107	All	1.25	1.03–1.52	0.02	1.00 (ref)	1.42	0.76–2.67	0.27	2.19	1.20–4.01	0.01	1.90	1.01–3.56	0.05	1.24	1.03–1.49	0.02
	56	Male	1.07	0.83–1.39	0.59	1.00 (ref)	1.08	0.44–2.65	0.87	1.91	0.82–4.48	0.14	1.42	0.60–3.36	0.43	1.15	0.90–1.48	0.27
	51	Female	1.48	1.08–2.04	0.02	1.00 (ref)	1.77	0.74–4.25	0.20	2.45	1.04–5.78	0.04	2.28	0.89–5.82	0.08	1.30	0.99–1.71	0.05
Total mortality	645	All	1.17	1.08–1.26	<0.001	1.00 (ref)	0.93	0.73–1.19	0.58	1.27	1.00–1.61	0.05	1.45	1.15–1.83	0.002	1.16	1.08–1.25	<0.001
	341	Male	1.25	1.13–1.39	<0.001	1.00 (ref)	1.19	0.82–1.72	0.36	1.66	1.15–2.40	0.006	2.05	1.44–2.92	<0.001	1.29	1.16–1.43	<0.001
	304	Female	1.04	0.92–1.18	0.50	1.00 (ref)	0.77	0.55–1.08	0.13	1.05	0.76–1.44	0.77	1.02	0.73–1.42	0.93	1.04	0.93–1.16	0.52
CVD mortality	186	All	1.43	1.24–1.66	<0.001	1.00 (ref)	1.33	0.79–2.24	0.28	2.13	1.30–3.51	0.003	2.83	1.74–4.61	<0.001	1.43	1.24–1.65	<0.001
	105	Male	1.44	1.20–1.72	<0.001	1.00 (ref)	1.51	0.71–3.20	0.28	2.26	1.08–4.73	0.03	3.32	1.65–6.70	<0.001	1.49	1.23–1.81	<0.001
	81	Female	1.45	1.12–1.88	0.004	1.00 (ref)	1.13	0.54–2.36	0.75	2.04	1.04–4.03	0.04	2.36	1.16–4.80	0.02	1.38	1.11–1.72	0.004

1 model with continuous values of high-sensitivity growth hormone (hs-GH) and 1 with cohort split into sex-specific quartiles of hs-GH. In total, 4,323 (1,778 males, 2,545 females) individuals available for analysis in all models.

CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; other abbreviations as in Table 1.

^∗Hazard ratios (HRs) in continuous (95% confidence interval [CI]) are expressed per 1 SD increment of the natural logarithm of hs-GH. Values of hs-GH are standardized separately in men and women, and this same sex-specific standardization is used in the combined analyses.

^†Quartile 1 (Q1) represents the quartile with the lowest values of fasting hs-GH. Males and females are divided into the quartiles separately, which makes the male/female ratio similar in the quartiles, but the cut-off values different in the different sexes.

^‡HRs (95% CI) in quartile analysis are expressed vs. the HR in Q1, except in “trend” where HR is expressed per 1 increment of quartile. Variables adjusted for in the analysis: age, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, BMI (weight [kg] divided by height [m²]), prevalence of diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and fasting values of HDL-C and LDL-C. In addition, adjusted for sex in the sex-combined analyses.