Table 1.

First author	Age, gender	Valve affected	Organism	Risk factors	Culture source	Antibiotics	Disease duration, months	Antibiotic duration, weeks	Outcome
Al-Benwan11	54, male	Mitral, native	Mycobacterium abscessus	Hepatitis C, alcoholic cirrhosis, ESRD, haemodialysis	Blood, catheter-tip	Clarithromycin and tigecycline	5.5	7	Died
Altmann12	45, male	Aortic, prosthesis	M. abscessus	Previous endocarditis, rheumatic disease, recent aortic valve replacement	Blood, prosthesis	Lincomycin+cloxacillin	4.5	8	Died
Liebeskind13	35, male	Mitral, native	M. abscessus	NA	Blood, CSF, BM	Clarithromycin+imipenem	7	10	Died
Tsai14	29, male	Tricuspid, native	M. abscessus	IV drug use, previous endocarditis	Blood, sputum	Clarithromycin+amikacin+ciprofloxacin	9	14	Alive
Viscidi15	55, male	Mitral, prosthesis	M. abscessus	Rheumatic heart disease	Blood, urine, BM, sputum, wound	Amikacin, erythromycin, ethionamide	5	4	Died
Wallace3	53, male	Prosthesis	M. abscessus	NA	Blood	NA	NA	NA	Died
Wallace3	50, male	Prosthesis	M. abscessus	NA	Blood	NA	NA	NA	Died
Williamson16	29, female	Mitral, native	M. abscessus	ESRD, haemodialysis, renal transplant, anaemia, corticoid immunosuppression	Blood	Imipenem, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin	1.5	6.5	Died
Citro17	74, male	Mitral, native	Kocuria kristinae	Diabetes, hypertension, foot ulcer	Blood	Ampicillin–sulbactam+gentamicin	1	3	Died
Lai7	89, female	NA	K. kristinae	Ischaemic bowel disease status post surgery, TPN	Blood	Vancomycin+teicoplanin	NA	NA	Alive
Srinivasa18	35, male	Mitral, native	K. rosea	Rheumatic mitral regurgitation	Blood	Gentamicin+ceftriaxone	2	4	Alive
Present case	48, male	Mitral, native	M. abscessus and Kocuria species	IV drug use	Blood, mitral valve	Amikacin+clarithromycin+imipenem	8	24	Alive

BM, bone marrow; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; IV, intravenous; NA, not applicable or not available; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.