Table 3.
Adjusteda mean values (95% CIs) of hormones according to intake of various meat types
| Meat intake (servings/day); range | No. | LH (IU/L) Mean (95% CI) | FSH (IU/L) Mean (95% CI) | E2 (pmol/L) Mean (95% CI) | Free Testosterone (pmol/L) Mean (95% CI) | Total testosterone (nmol/L) Mean (95% CI) | Inhibin B (pg/mL) Mean (95% CI) | SHBG (nmol/L) Mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total meat | ||||||||
| Q1 (0 - 1.60) | 48 | 4.0 (3.5 to 4.5) | 2.5 (2.1 to 2.9) | 92.5 (83.8 to 101.2) | 492.7 (444.7 to 540.7) | 21.5 (19.2 to 23.9) | 203.4 (183.8 to 223.1) | 31.6 (28.1 to 35.1) |
| Q2 (1.64 - 2.31) | 47 | 3.4 (3.0 to 3.8) | 2.6 (2.2 to 3.0) | 91.7 (84.9 to 98.4) | 434.9 (398.1 to 471.8) | 19.6 (17.5 to 21.7) | 185.4 (170.4 to 200.4) | 32.4 (28.3 to 36.5) |
| Q3 (2.32 - 3.19) | 48 | 3.5 (3.1 to 3.9) | 2.3 (2.0 to 2.6) | 85.4 (78.7 to 92.1) | 477.6 (425.4 to 529.7) | 19.8 (17.9 to 21.7) | 210.9 (194.0 to 227.8) | 29.1 (26.5 to 31.6) |
| Q4 (3.23 - 9.32) | 47 | 3.9 (3.4, to 4.4) | 2.9 (2.5 to 3.3) | 95.6 (86.8 to 104.3) | 502.2 (454.1 to 550.3) | 20.6 (18.6 to 22.6) | 179.8 (162.7 to 196.9) | 28.4 (25.2 to 31.7) |
| Test for trend | P = 0.98 | P = 0.35 | P = 0.74 | P = 0.50 | P = 0.73 | P = 0.22 | P = 0.14 | |
| Processed red meatb | ||||||||
| Q1 (0 - 0.42) | 46 | 3.8 (3.3 to 4.2) | 2.5 (2.1 to 2.9) | 92.1 (83.6 to 10.6) | 482.2 (435.8 to 528.7) | 21.5 (18.9 to 24.2) | 202.2 (183.0 to 221.3) | 32.8 (27.8 to 37.8) |
| Q2 (0.44 - 0.85) | 47 | 3.5 (3.1 to 4.0) | 2.3 (2.0 to 2.7) | 88.3 (81.1 to 95.5) | 488.0 (435.5 to 540.5) | 20.5 (18.3 to 22.8) | 200.0 (181.2 to 218.9) | 30.1 (27.3 to 33.0) |
| Q3 (0.87 - 1.44) | 49 | 3.7 (3.3 to 4.1) | 2.7 (2.4 to 3.2) | 92.4 (85.8 to 99.0) | 476.7 (439.7 to 513.7) | 20.2 (18.7 to 21.7) | 194.3 (178.4 to 210.1) | 29.9 (27.1 to 32.7) |
| Q4 (1.45 - 5.26) | 47 | 3.8 (3.4 to 4.2) | 2.6 (2.3 to 3.0) | 92.2 (84.5 to 99.9) | 460.6 (418.6 to 502.6) | 19.3 (17.4 to 21.2) | 183.6 (165.5 to 201.6) | 28.8 (25.1 to 32.4) |
| Test for trend | P = 0.60 | P = 0.28 | P = 0.72 | P = 0.45 | P = 0.28 | P = 0.16 | P = 0.32 | |
| Unprocessed red meatc | ||||||||
| Q1 (0 - 0.16) | 53 | 3.7 (3.3 to 4.1) | 2.3 (2.0 to 2.7) | 87.6 (81.1 to 94.1) | 453.6 (416.4 to 490.8) | 19.7 (17.9 to 21.5) | 196.9 (182.2 to 211.6) | 30.5 (27.5 to 33.5) |
| Q2 (0.22 - 0.30) | 42 | 3.6 (3.2 to 4.0) | 2.6 (2.2 to 3.0) | 93.3 (85.6 to 101.0) | 476.0 (432.4 to 519.6) | 21.5 (18.9 to 24.1) | 200.3 (183.7 to 216.9) | 33.1 (28.4 to 37.9) |
| Q3 (0.36 - 0.65) | 51 | 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3) | 2.6 (2.3 to 3.0) | 93.5 (85.4 to 101.6) | 483.6 (433.0 to 534.1) | 20.6 (18.5 to 22.6) | 186.1 (167.3 to 204.9) | 30.7 (27 to 833.7) |
| Q4 (0.71 - 2.23) | 43 | 3.6 (3.2 to 4.0) | 2.7 (2.3 to 3.1) | 91.1 (83.1 to 99.1) | 498.4 (450.9 to 545.8) | 20.0 (18.2 to 21.7) | 197.8 (178.9 to 216.8) | 27.1 (24.1 to 30.1) |
| Test for trend | P = 0.70 | P = 0.30 | P = 0.77 | P = 0.21 | P = 0.83 | P = 0.91 | P = 0.05 | |
| Organ meatd | ||||||||
| None (0) | 158 | 3.7 (3.5 to 3.9) | 2.5 (2.4 to 2.8) | 91.9 (88.0 to 95.9) | 478.0 (452.8 to 503.2) | 20.5 (19.4 to 21.7) | 194.8 (185.3 to 204.2) | 30.7 (28.8 to 32.6) |
| Any (0.01 - 0.28) | 31 | 3.8 (3.2 to 4.3) | 2.5 (2.1 to 3.0) | 87.8 (80.5 to 95.1) | 470.9 (438.3 to 503.6) | 19.7 (18.2 to 21.1) | 196.0 (176.3 to 215.6) | 28.7 (25.4 to 32.1) |
a
Adjusted for age, hour of blood sampling, race, smoking status, BMI, recruitment period, moderate-to-intense exercise, TV watching, dietary patterns, alcohol, and total calorie intake
b
includes hamburgers, hot dogs, bacon, and other processed meats (e.g. salami, bologna, etc.)
c
includes beef, pork, and ham consumed as sandwich, mixed dish, or main dish
d
includes beef, calf, pork, chicken, and turkey liver
LH= luteinizing hormone, FSH= follicle stimulating hormone, SHBG= sex hormone binding globulin