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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2014 Nov;25(6):781–789. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000165

Table 2. The pooled relative risks of cold temperature and hot temperature on deaths cumulated over lags of 0–21 days in the 12 countries/regions: 1st versus 10th percentile and 1st versus minimum-mortality temperature percentile.

Estimates were calculated from the distributed lag non-linear model (Figure 1).

Cold effects Hot effects

County/region RR (95% CI)
Minimum-Mortality Temperature Percentile RR (95% CI)
1st versus 10th 1st versus minimum-mortality temperature percentile 99th versus minimum-mortality temperature percentile 99th versus 90th
Australia 1.07 (1.03-1.12) 1.24 (1.14-1.35) 76 1.06 (1.00-1.13) 1.03 (1.00-1.07)
Brazil 1.05 (1.02-1.07) 1.14 (1.08-1.21) 72 1.07 (1.02-1.11) 1.03 (1.01-1.06)
Thailand 1.10 (1.08- 1.12) 1.25 (1.22-1.29) 76 1.11 (1.08-1.14) 1.06 (1.04-1.07)
China 1.07 (1.03- 1.11) 1.22 (1.12-1.34) 76 1.10 (1.03-1.17) 1.05 (1.02-1.09)
Taiwan 1.11 (1.09-1.13) 1.35 (1.27-1.44) 66 1.18 (1.12- 1.25) 1.07 (1.05-1.10)
South Korea 1.03 (1.02-1.04) 1.18 (1.11-1.25) 78 1.08 (1.04-1.12) 1.05 (1.03-1.07)
Japan 1.06 (1.04-1.08) 1.27 (1.21-1.33) 76 1.07 (1.04-1.11) 1.04 (1.03-1.06)
Italy 1.06 (1.03-1.09) 1.33 (1.20-1.48) 74 1.30 (1.22-1.39) 1.14 (1.11-1.17)
Spain 1.08 (1.07-1.09) 1.26 (1.22-1.32) 74 1.19 (1.16-1.23) 1.09 (1.08-1.11)
United Kingdom 1.10 (1.09-1.11) 1.30 (1.27-1.33) 80 1.05 (1.04-1.06) 1.03 (1.03-1.04)
United States 1.04 (1.03-1.04) 1.15 (1.13-1.18) 76 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)
Canada 1.02 (1.00-1.03) 1.10 (1.05-1.14) 74 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)