Table 3.

Estimated Differences (LSmean±SE, 95% Confidence Interval, p-value) in VAS Pain Levels (0–100) Between Women and Men by KL Grade in Knees with PFOA and without PFOA.

KL Grade	Unadjusted*		Adjusted**		Adjusted***
+ PFOA
<2 n=160	9.2±2.9 (3.6–14.8)	0.0025	8.9±3.0 (3.1–14.7)	0.0048	7.1±2.9 (1.5–12.7)	0.0184
2 n=248	12.2±3.1 (6.1–18.4)	0.0006	15.1±3.0 (9.2–21.1)	<0.0001	11.5±3.2 (5.2–17.8)	0.0013
3 n=238	10.8±3.3 (4.4–17.3)	0.0018	8.3±3.1 (2.2–14.4)	0.0085	7.0±3.1 (1.0–13.0)	0.0251
4 n=179	11.4±3.7 (4.2–18.6)	0.0030	8.9±3.6 (1.9–16.0)	0.0165	8.0±3.7 (0.7–15.3)	0.0361
− PFOA
<2 n=3205	3.9±0.7 (2.5–5.4)	<0.0001	3.0±0.7 (1.6–4.3)	<0.0001	1.9±0.7 (0.5–3.2)	0.0062
2 n=604	3.0±1.9 (−0.6–6.7)	0.1072	1.9±1.7 (−1.5–5.3)	0.2868	1.5±1.7 (−1.8–4.8)	0.3725
3 n=600	5.2±2.1 (1.1–9.3)	0.0144	2.5±2.0 (−1.4–6.4)	0.2021	1.8±2.0 (−2.1–5.7)	0.3621
4 n=190	5.3±3.5 (−1.6–12.2)	0.1383	2.4±3.2 (−4.0–8.6)	0.4727	1.8±3.1 (−4.3–7.9)	0.5619

BMI: Body Mass Index

SE: Standard Error

KL: Kellgren-Lawrence

PFOA: patellofemoral osteoarthritis

VAS: Visual Analog Scale

^*Adjusted for contralateral knee KL grade and PFOA status

^**Adjusted for age, BMI, depression score, education, clinic site, race, comorbid conditions and analgesic medication use

^***Further adjusted for presence of widespread pain