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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2014 Sep 15;35(37):9868–9876. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.038

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Self-illuminating 64Cu-doped gold nanoclusters (64Cu-doped AuNCs) for in vivo synergistic dual-modality positron emission tomography (PET) and self-illuminating near infrared (NIR) imaging. PET radionuclide 64Cu plays dual roles as the energy donor to excite AuNCs as well as the positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer) for PET imaging. The AuNCs act as the energy acceptor for self-illuminating NIR fluorescence imaging. HSA, human serum albumin.