Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 349).
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 349) | Quitters (n = 118) | Smokers (n = 231) | p value | Correlation w/ baseline discounting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics: | |||||
| Age (years) | 25.0 ± 5.2 | 26.2 ± 5.4 | 24.4 ± 5.0 | <.01 | .021 |
| Education | <.001 | −.185* | |||
| % <12 years | 21 | 12 | 26 | ||
| % 12 years | 49 | 39 | 54 | ||
| % >12 years | 30 | 49 | 20 | ||
| % Caucasian | 95 | 97 | 93 | .09 | −.006 |
| % Married | 25 | 41 | 17 | <.001 | −.044 |
| % Private insurance | 31 | 48 | 22 | <.001 | −.031 |
| % Employed outside of home | 58 | 75 | 50 | <.001 | −.177* |
| % 1st pregnancy | 61 | 72 | 56 | <.01 | −.161* |
| Weeks pregnant at intake | 10.2± 4.2 | 10.7 ± 4.6 | 9.9± 4.0 | .13 | .040 |
| Smoking Characteristics: | |||||
| Cigs/day prepregnancy | 15.7± 8.7 | 9.7 ± 5.9 | 18.8 ± 8.2 | <.001 | .078 |
| Age started smoking (years) | 15.4 ± 3.2 | 16.7 ± 3.4 | 14.7 ± 2.9 | <.001 | −.078 |
| % Living with other smoker(s) | 77 | 72 | 79 | .13 | .100 |
| % With no smoking allowed in home | 58 | 75 | 49 | <.001 | −.178* |
| % With none or few friends/family who smoke | 29 | 44 | 21 | <.001 | −.021 |
| % Attempted to quit pre-pregnancy | 71 | 76 | 68 | .11 | −.085 |
| Number of quit attempts during pregnancy | 0.9 ± 1.8 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 2.0 | <.01 | −.088 |
| Nicotine withdrawal questionnaire total score | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | <.01 | .013 |
| Attitude Item: | |||||
| % Endorsing that smoking will greatly harm baby | 91 | 99 | 86 | <.001 | −.059 |
| Psychiatric Symptoms | |||||
| Stress rating | 5.2 ± 2.6 | 4.7 ± 2.5 | 5.5 ± 2.7 | <.01 | .007 |
| BDI-II | 10.0 ± 6.8 | 9.0 ± 6.3 | 10.5 ± 7.0 | 0.06 | .091 |
| % Ever having depressive symptoms for 2+ weeks | 32 | 23 | 36 | .01 | .048 |
Note: M ± SD or %.
*
significant correlation (p < .05)