Skip to main content
. 2014 Oct;205(4):286–290. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.136200

Table 2.

Relative risks for adolescent violent crime and substance misuse as a function of childhood (ages 1-15) family income by quintilesa

Adolescent violent crime, hazard ratio (95% CI)
Adolescent substance misuse, hazard ratio (95% CI)
Model I Model II Model III Model IV Model I Model II Model III Model IV
Quintile 1 (low)
6.78 (6.23-7.38)
3.93 (3.59-4.30)
1.89 (1.40-2.56)
0.95 (0.44-2.03)
2.45 (2.32-2.58)
1.98 (1.86-2.10)
1.53 (1.24-1.90)
1.11 (0.62-1.98)
Quintile 2
3.66 (3.35-4.00)
2.50 (2.28-2.74)
1.46 (1.09-1.95)
0.81 (0.41-1.61)
1.56 (1.47-1.66)
1.39 (1.31-1.48)
1.19 (0.97-1.45)
1.31 (0.81-2.13)
Quintile 3
2.14 (1.95-2.36)
1.61 (1.46-1.77)
1.04 (0.78-1.40)
0.76 (0.42-1.39)
1.08 (1.02-1.15)
1.02 (0.95-1.08)
0.96 (0.79-1.18)
1.12 (0.76-1.67)
Quintile 4
1.64 (1.48-1.81)
1.34 (1.21-1.48)
0.80 (0.60-1.06)
0.64 (0.39-1.05)
1.00 (0.93-1.06)
0.96 (0.90-1.03)
0.98 (0.81-1.17)
1.09 (0.81-1.47)
Quintile 5 (high) Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
a.

Model I: adjusted for gender, birth year and birth order; Model II: Model I + adjusted for parental highest achieved education, age at birth and history of mental disorder; Model III: Model II + adjusted for unobserved within extended-family risk factors (through cousin comparisons); Model IV: Model I + adjusted for unobserved within nuclear-family risk factors (through sibling comparisons).

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure