Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of rivaroxaban in healthy subjects and commonly encountered modifications (values to the nearest integer) [11–15, 22–24]

Parameter	Healthy subjects	Severe renal impairment vs healthy subjectsa	Moderate hepatic impairment vs healthy subjectsa	Absence vs presence of foodb,c	Co-administration with strong CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitor vs withouta
Absolute bioavailability (%)	80–100a,b	Not given	Not given	66 vs ≥80 %	Not given
Area under the concentration–time curve (ng/mL/h)	Approximately 1,000–1,500a	64 % higher	127 % higher	39 % higher	Approximately 150 % higher
Maximum concentration (ng/mL)	141a–173b	35 % higher	27 % higher	76 % higher	53–72 % higher
Time to maximum concentration (h)	2–4	Similar to control	Similar to control	Not given	Similar to control
Apparent half-life (h)	5–9 (young), 11–13 (elderly)	Similar to control	Similar to control	Not given	Similar to control

Severe renal impairment corresponded to a creatinine clearance of <30 mL/min; moderate hepatic impairment corresponded to Child–Pugh B

CYP cytochrome P450, P-gp P-glycoprotein

^a10 mg oral dose

^b20 mg oral dose

^cTaking 15 and 20 mg doses with food corrects pharmacokinetic parameters