Table 4.
Factors associated with poor ART adherence during pregnancy
| CASE score ≤11 points (25/173) | Fisher’s exact test | ≥1 missed dose (61/176) | Fisher’s exact test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| <25 years | 26% (11/42) | p = 0.13 | 52% (23/44) | p = 0.03 |
| 25-27 years | 10% (5/48) | 23% (11/48) | ||
| 28-30 years | 12% (5/41) | 29% (12/41) | ||
| ≥31 years | 10% (4/42) | 35% (15/43) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 14% (13/93) | p = 0.96 | 34% (32/95) | p = 0.83 |
| Cohabiting | 15% (7/48) | 33% (16/48) | ||
| Single | 16% (5/32) | 39% (13/33) | ||
| Pregnancy planned | ||||
| Yes | 11% (13/120) | p = 0.03 | 30% (36/122) | p = 0.02 |
| No | 25% (12/48) | 49% (24/49) | ||
| Lives with family | ||||
| No | 10% (12/115) | p = 0.04 | 29% (34/117) | p = 0.04 |
| Yes | 23% (13/57) | 46% (26/57) | ||
| Lives with partner | ||||
| No | 18% (9/49) | p = 0.47 | 45% (22/49) | p = 0.08 |
| Yes | 13% (16/123) | 30% (38/125) | ||
| Disclosed HIV status to anyone | ||||
| No | 20% (3/15) | p = 0.46 | 38% (6/16) | p = 0.79 |
| Yes | 14% (22/157) | 35% (55/159) | ||
| Current smoker | ||||
| No | 14% (18/127) | p = 1.00 | 30% (39/129) | p = 0.07 |
| Yes | 14% (6/44) | 47% (21/45) | ||
| History of drug use (other than marijuana) | ||||
| No | 14% (21/146) | p = 1.00 | 35% (52/149) | p = 1.00 |
| Yes | 14% (3/21) | 33% (7/21) | ||
| Self-efficacy score | ||||
| ≥5 (higher self-efficacy) | 12% (13/107) | p = 0.22 | 28% (30/108) | p = 0.04 |
| <5 (lower self-efficacy) | 22% (6/27) | 50% (14/28) | ||
| Positive depression screen | ||||
| No | 13% (16/124) | p = 0.33 | 31% (39/125) | p = 0.08 |
| Yes | 20% (9/46) | 46% (22/48) | ||
| Can you ask doctor for support? | ||||
| Certain/fairly certain | 14% (21/155) | p = 0.06 | 33% (52/156) | p = 0.34 |
| Cannot do | 36% (4/11) | 50% (6/12) | ||
| Antenatal ART | ||||
| Zidovudine monotherapy | 29% (4/14) | p = 0.23 | 64% (9/14) | p = 0.02 |
| cART | 13% (19/141) | 31% (44/143) | ||
| Severity of ART side effects | ||||
| Not bothered or only slightly | 14% (18/126) | p = 0.81 | 33% (42/127) | p = 0.71 |
| Somewhat or terribly bothered | 16% (7/43) | 37% (16/43) | ||
| Knowledge of whether antenatal ART is effective for PMTCT | ||||
| Completely or fairly sure that it is effective | 12% (20/162) | p = 0.10 | 33% (54/165) | p = 0.17 |
| Unsure that it is effective | 33% (3/9) | 56% (5/9) |
p values ≤0.5 are indicated in bold.