Table 2. Immune responses following influenza immunization.
| Control | Meditation | Exercise | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 51 | 51 | 47 | |
| Mean fold increase (change from baseline to 3 weeks post; SD) | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 1.43 (1.67) | 1.34 (4.55) | 0.65 (0.95) | 0.36 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 10.54 (19.41) | 11.51 (21.00) | 15.70 (25.38) | 0.47 |
| B/Brisbane | 5.44 (11.85) | 11.53 (37.41) | 6.84 (13.14) | 0.41 |
| Geometric mean titer baseline | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 22.7 (40.0) | 20.3 (40.0) | 25.7 (40.0) | 0.40 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 37.1 (56.6) | 30.9 (56.6) | 31.0 (40.0) | 0.62 |
| B/Brisbane | 16.2 (10.0) | 14.3 (10.0) | 14.8 (10.0) | 0.57 |
| Geometric mean titer 3 weeks post | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 68.7 (26.2) | 67.8 (30.0) | 84.0 (33.4) | 0.64 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 211.1 (40.0) | 155.6 (38.6) | 215.6 (41.1) | 0.41 |
| B/Brisbane | 53.5 (26.4) | 50.3 (32.0) | 55.8 (28.3) | 0.94 |
| Geometric mean titer 3 mo post | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 61.1 (27.4) | 60.2 (28.3) | 62.3 (27.9) | 0.98 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 149.3 (39.5) | 122.1 (35.1) | 152.4 (38.6) | 0.65 |
| B/Brisbane | 47.2 (28.5) | 39.5 (30.7) | 46.6 (26.9) | 0.64 |
| Seroprotection (antibody titer ≥ 1:40) | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 43/51 (84%) | 39/51 (76%) | 38/47 (81%) | 0.61 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 45/47 (96%) | 44/51 (86%) | 47/51 (92%) | 0.24 |
| B/Brisbane | 31/47 (66%) | 32/51 (63%) | 31/47 (73%) | 0.56 |
| Seroconversion (4 fold increase in antibody titer) | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 22/51 (43%) | 21/51 (41%) | 21/47 (45%) | 0.94 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 32/51 (63%) | 29/51 (57%) | 32/47 (68%) | 0.52 |
| B/Brisbane | 23/51 (45%) | 19/51 (37%) | 20/47 (43%) | 0.72 |
| Seroprotection | ||||
| 1 virus | 50/51 (98%) | 47/51 (92%) | 46/47 (98%) | 0.23 |
| 2 viruses | 46/51 (90%) | 40/51 (78%) | 39/47 (83%) | 0.27 |
| 3 viruses | 31/51 (61%) | 28/51 (55%) | 29/47 (62%) | 0.76 |
| Seroconversion | ||||
| 1 virus | 39/51 (76%) | 33/51 (65%) | 38/47 (81%) | 0.17 |
| 2 viruses | 25/51 (49%) | 24/51 (47%) | 24/47 (51%) | 0.92 |
| 3 viruses | 13/51 (25%) | 12/51 (24%) | 11/47 (23%) | 0.96 |
| IgA from nasal wash 3 weeks; milliunits/ng total IgA (IQR*) | 1.3 (2.2) | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.6 (2.5) | 0.26 |
| Interferonγ production 3 weeks post; median (IQR*) pg/ml | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 489 (2013) | 492 (1968) | 934 (1809) | 0.96 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 6 (189) | 58 (169) | 1 (253) | 0.99 |
| B/Brisbane | 593 (2975) | 613 (2500) | 1153 (2926) | 0.91 |
| Interleukin-10 production; median (IQR) pg/ml | ||||
| A/Brisbane H1N1 | 62 (249) | 72 (224) | 65 (113) | 0.79 |
| A/Brisbane H3N2 | 1 (34) | 1 (47) | 1 (20) | 0.14 |
| B/Brisbane | 81 (140) | 98 (132) | 93 (132) | 0.75 |
*IQR, interquartile range.