Table 2.

Nematicidal activity of culture filtrate C1-7 at various concentrations depending on culture time, treatment time, and heating temperature against Meloidogyne hapla J2

Treatment	Culture time (h)a	Exposure time (h)b	Heating temp. (°C)c	Nematicidal rates by concentrations
				10%	5%	2%	1%	0.5%
C1-7	18	24	None	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	4.0 ± 3.0	1.5 ± 1.5
			80	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	5.0 ± 1.4	1.4 ± 1.3
			121	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	3.0 ± 2.8	0.6 ± 1.0
		48	None	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	15.9 ± 10.0	18.6 ± 4.4
			80	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	17.9 ± 3.8	15.2 ± 3.7
			121	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	24.3 ± 5.1	16.4 ± 4.9
	48	24	None	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	6.1 ± 2.5	2.9 ± 1.0
			80	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	5.0 ± 3.9	2.9 ± 2.2
			121	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	4.3 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 1.0
		48	None	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	17.1 ± 2.2
			80	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	18.2 ± 1.9
			121	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	15.5 ± 3.6
BHI		24		100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	80.6 ± 17.3	5.5 ± 2.1	1.0 ± 1.8
		48		100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	100 ± 0.0	24.2 ± 6.0	18.6 ± 3.6
SDW		24				3.4 ± 1.5
		48				20.1 ± 4.0

- Figures are averages ± standard deviations of three replications.

^aPeriod of time that the bacterial isolate was cultured in beef heart infusion broth (BHIB).

^bPeriod of time that the nematode was exposed to the bacterial culture filtrate.

^cCulture filtrate C1-7 was exposed to three heat treatment regime including a no-heat treatment (None), heat treatment at 80°C for 30 min (80°C), and heat treatment at 121°C for 20 min (121°C).