Figure 3.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging compatible devices can be used to precisely map functional activity and axonal pathways. The devices are fitted to the subjects’ limbs prior to scanning, and can provide a safe and reproducible pattern of stimulation, which is fully automated and synchronized with fMRI data acquisition. Shown are devices fitted to the wrist (A) and ankle (B). In a preterm infant at 35 + 4 weeks post-menstrual age, this approach can then be used to identify localized clusters of functional response (C) using fMRI (green cluster identified with passive movement of the left ankle, and red following passive movement of the left wrist), and their underlying structural connections can be delineated using diffusion tractography (D).