Table 3.
Patient characteristics according to the glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin creatinine ratio
| Variables | Values | eGFR (nm)/ | eGFR (nm)/ | eGFR ↓/ | eGFR ↓/ | P value UACR↑ vs | P value eGFR ↓ vs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UACR(nm) | UACR ↑ | UACR (nm) | UACR ↑ | UACR(nm) | eGFR (nm) | ||
| N | 1141 | 674 | 85 | 311 | 69 | 154 vs 987 | 380 vs 761 |
| Age (years) (SD) | 66.8 (11.3) | 63.7 (11.0) | 64.3 (10.2) | 72.4 (9.3) | 74.1 (9.7) | 0.048 | <0.001 |
| Gender (men,%) | 691 (60.6) | 345 (51.0) | 44 (48.2) | 254 (81.7) | 51 (73.9) | 0.823 | <0.001 |
| T2DM Duration (years) (SD) | 9.1 (6.7) | 8.4 (6.4) | 8.7 (6.3) | 9.6 (6.5) | 12.6 (8.1) | 0.007 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (SD) | 30.3 (5.2) | 30.5 (5.4) | 31.2 (5.4) | 29.3 (4.5) | 30.9 (5.6) | 0.058 | 0.004 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (%) | 529 (46.4) | 327 (48.4) | 45 (52.9) | 126 (40.5) | 31 (44.9) | 0.424 | 0.016 |
| Waist circumference (cm) (SD) | 100.0 (17.1) | 99.8 (16.8) | 100.4 (17.5) | 99.0 (18.3) | 103.6 (16.1) | 0.118 | 0.514 |
| HbA1c mean (SD) | 7.3 (1.3) | 7.3 (1.3) | 7.8 (1.5) | 7.1 (1.2) | 7.5 (1.1) | <0.001 | 0.052 |
| Smoking n (%) | 0.467 | <0.001 | |||||
| Current | 158 (13.8) | 96 (14.2) | 18 (21.2) | 37 (11.9) | 7 (10.1) | ||
| Past-smoker | 334 (29.3) | 164 (24.3) | 22 (25.9) | 122 (39.2) | 26 (37.7) | ||
| Never | 649 (56.9) | 416 (61.5) | 45 (52.9) | 152 (48.9) | 36 (52.2) | ||
| Insulin n (%) | 281 (24.6) | 159 (23.5) | 26 (30.6) | 65 (20.9) | 31 (44.9) | <0.001 | 0.725 |
| Oral antidiabetic agents n (%) | 965 (84.6) | 586 (86.7) | 77 (90.6) | 249 (80.1) | 53 (76.8) | 0.953 | 0.001 |
| Oral antidiabetic agents + insulin n (%) | 210 (18.4) | 124 (18.3) | 23 (27.1) | 43 (13.8) | 20 (29.0) | 0.001 | 0.261 |
| Hyperlipidemia n (%) | 773 (67.7) | 228 (33.7) | 22 (25.9) | 93 (29.9) | 25 (36.2) | 0.621 | 0.540 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 849 (74.4) | 465 (68.8) | 68 (80.0) | 255 (82.0) | 61 (88.4) | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive treatment n (%) | 866 (75.9) | 466 (68.9) | 74 (87.1) | 263 (84.6) | 63 (91.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) (SD) | 134.5 (13.2) | 134.0 (35.4) | 137.8 (14.9) | 134.4 (12.8) | 136.9 (16.4) | 0.018 | 0.539 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) (SD) | 77.0 (9.1) | 78.1 (8.8) | 78.2 (9.3) | 74.7 (9.2) | 74.8 (9.8) | 0.892 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol total (mmol/L) (SD) | 183.7 (37.2) | 186.9 (36.8) | 189.1 (41.4) | 177.0 (35.8) | 176.2 (37.9) | 0.853 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol HDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 135.7 (35.9) | 137.4 (35.4) | 142.8 (41.4) | 131.2 (35.0) | 131.0 (35.9) | 0.514 | 0.004 |
| Cholesterol LDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 107.9 (32.1) | 110.5 (35.4) | 109.2 (33.5) | 103.8 (31.6) | 99.6 (33.2) | 0.211 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol non HDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 48.0 (13.5) | 49.5 (13.3) | 46.2 (11.5) | 45.8 (13.8) | 45.7 (13.7) | 0.055 | <0.001 |
| Tryglicerides (mmol/L) (SD) | 151.3 (92.2) | 146.4 (88.8) | 177.3 (105.4) | 146.8 (71.6) | 188.4 (157.0) | <0.001 | 0.296 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy n, (%) | 738 (64.7) | 413 (61.1) | 60 (70.6) | 215 (69.1) | 50 (72.5) | 0.060 | 0.012 |
| Plasmatic creatinina (mg/dl) (SD) | 0.92 (0.3) | 0.78 (0.13) | 0.78 (0.14) | 1.17 (0.23) | 1.31 (0.45) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Glomerular filtration ratio, mL/min/1,73 m2 (SD) | 75.6 (26.1) | 89.8 (19.7) | 88.3 (19.9) | 48.5 (9.1) | 43.6 (10.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/g) (SD) | 20,9 (42,2) | 7.2 (5.9) | 96.7 (61.3) | 8.0 (6.7) | 119.8 (70.1) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 163 (14.3) | 67 (9.9) | 9 (10.6) | 68 (21.9) | 19 (27.5) | 0,137 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 91 (8.0) | 32 (4.7) | 8 (9.4) | 33 (10.6) | 18 (26.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Stroke (%) | 72 (6.3) | 31 (4.6) | 5 (5.9) | 29 (9.3) | 7 (10.1) | 0.416 | 0.002 |
p-value bettween interactions low eGFR and albuminuria,> 0.05 in all cases.
nm: normal; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate according to CKD-EPI in mL/min/1.73 m2; UACR: urinary albumin creatinin rate in mg/gr; BMI: body mass index.