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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: Isr J Chem. 2013 Jun;53(6-7):469–483. doi: 10.1002/ijch.201300009

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Modified or alternative bases that have been shown to be capable of genetic functions. The left column shows bases that are known to be reliable surrogates for adenine or thymine either in vivo or in vitro. The middle column contains guanine or cytosine surrogates. The right column represents base-pairing relationships that are not known to occur in nature. The base pairs colored gray in this figure were among those first demonstrated to be enzymatically incorporated into RNA and DNA by Benner.[7]